Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. North Vietnam and the United States reached a peace agreement shortly after withdrawal. A casualty is just a soldier who is no longer available for the immediate battle or campaign, the major consideration in combat. Vietnam's government claimed that 400,000 people were killed or maimed as a result of after effects, and that 500,000 children were born with birth defects. The earliest casualty record contains a date of death of . A. It's a sober fact we're meant to be reminded of on Memorial Day, particularly in light of the nearly 7,000 U.S. troops killed, and the many more wounded, over the last decade in our most recent and ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Cpl., Memphis, Tenn. [45] One example cited by Turse is Operation Speedy Express, an operation by the 9th Infantry Division, which was described by John Paul Vann as, in effect, "many My Lais". copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Deaths in the Vietnam War. Of the 2.6 million, between 1 and 1.6 million (40-60%) either fought in. Civilian deaths caused by both sides amounted to a significant percentage of total deaths. (1) GROUND FORCE PERSONNEL, including Army aviation, generally are indexed at the Regimental level but there are exceptions. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, but his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, continued the work that Kennedy had started. [55] Widespread reports of deliberate mass killings by Korean forces alleged that they were the result of systemic, deliberate policies to massacre civilians, with murders running into the hundreds. According to RJ Rummel, from 1964 to 1975, an estimated 1,500 people died during the forced relocations of 1,200,000 civilians, another 5,000 prisoners died from ill-treatment and about 30,000 suspected communists and fighters were executed. Many of the refugees failed to survive the passage, facing danger from pirates, over-crowded boats, and storms. The Vietnam War began mainly over political conflict between Ho Chi Minh's Communist state of North Vietnam and the U.S.-supported democracy of South Vietnam. [36][37][41] All individuals killed in declared free-fire zones, combatants or not, were considered enemy killed in action by US forces . The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. He estimates that between 30 and 46% of the total war deaths were civilians. Ho Chi Minh was outraged and began to engage his forces in small fights with South Vietnamese troops. Please direct all other inquiries to militaryfactory AT gmail.com. Many of these deaths were suspected to be murders, often targeting able-bodied young men who could pose a threat to the other side should they have chosen to join the military. COAST GUARD *, Copyright 1997-2018 www.VirtualWall.org, Ltd (TM), Division level indexes are used for Division HQ and minor assigned unit personnel, Brigade level indexes are used for Brigade HQ and minor assigned unit personnel, Aviation Group level indexes are used for Group HQ and minor assigned unit personnel, Aviation Battalion level indexes are used for Bn HQ, minor assigned units, and Aviation Companies which stayed with a single Battalion throughout their time in Vietnam, Separate Battalion indexes are used for Battalions not assigned to a Regiment, Aviation Companies that served with two or more Aviation Battalions while in Vietnam are indexed separately. The sum of those totals is 3,091,000 war deaths between 195575. Battle of Hamburger Hill. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union and China poured weapons, supplies, and advisers into the North, which in turn provided support, political direction, and regular combat troops for the campaign in the South. Neighbouring Laos and Cambodia similarly fell to communists. Morning muster on July 2 for the eight companies (A,B,D,E,G,H,I & K) involved in the suicidal attack was 262, and evening muster on the same day was 47. By the height of the Vietnam War in the late 1960's, the U.S. Air Force had 1,900 medics conducting medical operations in Southeast Asia. Once a unit assignment has been determined, a link to the individual's memorial page is included in the appropriate Unit Index. At the heart of the conflict was the desire of North Vietnam, which had defeated the French colonial administration of Vietnam in 1954, to unify the entire country under a single communist regime modeled after those of the Soviet Union and China. Accurate assessments of PAVN/VC losses, he wrote, were 'largely impossible due to lack of disclosure by the Vietnamese government, terrain, destruction of remains by firepower, and [inability] to confirm artillery and aerial kills.' Memorial pages honoring Vietnam War casualties, listed by their last names. [citation needed] Black people often made up a disproportionate 25% or more of combat units, while constituting only 12% of the military. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., lists more than 58,300 names of members of the U.S. armed forces who were killed or went missing in action. . 28 August 2013. The US entered into war with Vietnam because they did not want the spread of Communism to occur in the democratic state of South Vietnam. "[56] Investigations by Korean civic groups have alleged that at least 9,000 civilians were massacred by ROK forces. Others are still yet to be discovered and over 1,200 Americans are still unaccounted for. "Making More Enemies than We Kill? Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition, gives a 1513 reference for military casualty, and an 1844 reference for civilian use. 11,465 of those killed were younger than 20 years old. Nine-year-old Kim Phuc had ripped off her burning . Shelby Stanton, writing in The Rise and Fall of an American Army, declined to include casualty statistics because of their 'general unreliability.' The Vietnam War was fought between 1954 (following the departure of the French) through 1975, when South Vietnam surrendered to North Vietnam. . Two major war memorials commemorating the dead soldiers in the Second Indochina War (a.k.a. 151. The additional resources allowed the project's scope to expand to include unit of assignment information for all service branches. The exact breakdown still remains unclear, although an estimated 273,000 Cambodians and 62,000 Lao lost their lives. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Washington, D.C.. Major incidents. The two countries finally resumed formal diplomatic relations in 1995. One study estimated that American commanders exaggerated body counts by 100 percent. Fighting continued on a lesser scale for some time afterwards and refugee numbers rose sharply due to the continued conflict, but the development of a strong trading market in the 80s helped the nation become more unified. [40][37] Sometimes civilian casualties from airstrikes or artillery barrages against villages were reported as "enemies killed". Devon has tutored for almost two years. This totals, from a range of between 16,000 and 167,000 deaths caused by South Vietnam during the (Dim-era), and 42,000 and 118,000 deaths caused by South Vietnam in the post Dim-era), excluding PAVN forces killed by the ARVN in combat. Not all mines were detonated during the war and as a result they are still being either dug up or mistakenly stepped on today. The Australians committed more forces to the war in Vietnam than any other foreign contributor (except for the United States, that is). The government of Vietnam says that 4 million of its citizens were exposed to Agent Orange, and as many as 3 million have suffered illnesses because of it; these figures include the children of people who were exposed. Democide is the murder of persons by or at the behest of governments. The Vietnam War was costly to the U.S. Marine Corps. [46], The ROK Capital Division reportedly perpetrated the Bnh An/Ty Vinh massacre in February/March 1966. from Johns Hopkins and his MA and Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. There was strong pressure to produce body counts as a measure of operational success and enemy body counts were directly tied to promotions and commendation. Answer (1 of 3): !st Cavalry Division KIA - 5,444 WIA - 26,592 Total Casualties - 32,036 The First Team was in VN from Aug 1965 until Aug 1972 Per: Willbanks, James H. (2013). Joseph L. Rhodes, 22, Marines, L. According to a 2009 study, one third of land in the central provinces of Vietnam is still contaminated with unexploded mines and ordnance. These deaths made up about 40% of the total casualties. U.S. Marines in Vietnam, 1966, An Expanding War, 1982 . [42] This might partially explain the discrepancies between recovered weapons and body-count figures, along with exaggeration, although the NVA and VC also went to great lengths to recover weapons from the battlefield. Many deaths, however, were not completely targeted as they were the result of chance, being in the wrong place at the wrong time. 80 lessons On that panel, above the names is this inscription: In honor of the men and women of the armed forces of the United States who served in the Vietnam War. Of the 4953 Navy and Air Force casualties, both officer and enlisted, 4, 736 or 96% were white. [77] Additionally, according to the U.S. military, they also lost up to 101,511 personnel as defectors due to the Chieu Hoi program,[78] but one analyst speculates that less than 25% of those were genuine. More than 58,000 American casualties of the Vietnam War are commemorated on the Vietnam Wall in Washington, DC. Two further massacres were reported by soldiers who had taken part in them, one north of c Pho in, 426 killed in action, 74 died of other causes, 6 missing in action (all accounted for and repatriated), This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 15:26. 58,148 were killed in Vietnam, 75,000 severely disabled, 23,214 were 100% disabled, 5,283 lost limbs and 1,081 sustained multiple amputations. [6], A 2008 study by the BMJ (formerly British Medical Journal) came up with a higher toll of 3,812,000 dead in Vietnam between 19552002. Chart and statistics of US death/wounded in war as well as amputation ratios in the Afghanistan war compared with other major operations. Johnson raised the number of South Vietnam deployments to 23,000 U.S. soldiers by the end of his first year in office. During warfare, some units take more casualties than other units. Richard Coffelt's health began failing, and on 29 October 2010 he made his last contributions to the Coffelt Database. Major Bruce Crandall made over 20 flights into intense enemy fire during a battle in the Ia Drang Valley, South Vietnam, in November 1965, evacuating 70 wounded and delivering ammunition. 70. . An error occurred trying to load this video. Commander George L. Jackson said, "In response to this criticism, the Department of Defense took steps to readjust force levels in order to achieve an equitable proportion and employment of Negroes in Vietnam." His estimate of total deaths is reflected in the table. By 1944, the French were still occupying Vietnam, even though they continued to wage battle in Europe as the end of World War II drew near. The boat people's first destinations were the Southeast Asian locations of Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. has the names listed in chronological order by date of loss. [66][67] After the U.S.'s withdrawal from the conflict, the Pentagon estimated PAVN/VC deaths at 39,000 in 1973 and 61,000 in 1974. Rummel does not give a medium or high estimate. According to the Information Bureau of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam (PRG), a shadow government formed by North Vietnam in 1969, between April 1968 and the end of 1970 American ground troops killed about 6,500 civilians in the course of twenty-one operations either on their own or alongside their allies. This includes US military officers and soldiers who died as a result of either a hostile or non-hostile occurrence, or who were missing in action or prisoners of war during the Vietnam War. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, Record Group 330: Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Record Group 407: Records of the Adjutant General's Office, Collection COFF: Richard Coffelt, Richard Arnold, and David Argabright Collection. Sources: World War II Honor List of Dead and Missing, June 1946; Battle Casualties of the Army, 30 September 1954; List of Casualties Incurred by U.S. Military Personnel in Connection with the Conflict in Vietnam, 30 September 1975. [36][37][38][39] The My Lai Massacre was initially written off as an operational success and covered up. History is not a fixed set of facts. MARINE CORPS * [72], The Phoenix Program, a counterinsurgency program executed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), United States special operations forces, and the Republic of Vietnam's security apparatus, killed 26,369 suspected of being VC operatives and informants. [103], On 9 August 2012, the United States and Vietnam began a cooperative cleaning up of the toxic chemical from part of Da Nang International Airport, marking the first time Washington has been involved in cleaning up Agent Orange in Vietnam. On October 22, 1957, the U.S. forces suffered their first hostile casualties. In Qung Nam Province 4,700 civilians were killed in 1969. There are some limitations on the search capabilities and downloading records en masse is not allowed. My Lai (4) and My Khe (4) (collectively the My Lai Massacre) claimed the largest number of victims with 420 and 90 respectively, and in five other places a total of about 100 civilians were executed. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. * From 1956-1964, 417Americans died in Vietnam. Pentagon statistics listed 39,000 and 61,000 PRG/DRV dead for the same time period.". [62] According to the Vice Minister Nguyn B Hoan, in 2022, nearly 200,000 PAVN/VC were still MIA (whose bodies were have not been found), and 300,000 whose bodies have been found, but buried anonymously and never identified. About 2 million Vietnamese civilians were killed in the fighting. According to the Department of Veterans Affairs, we are losing an estimated 500 Vietnam veterans every day. The dates of death . [25], Operating under the direction of the CIA and other US and South Vietnamese Intel organizations and carried out by ARVN units alongside US advisers was the Phoenix Program, intended to neutralise the VC political infrastructure, whom were the civilian administration of the Viet Cong/Provisional Revolutionary Government via infiltration, capture, counter-terrorism, interrogation, and assassination. The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died. * The 143 men subsequently declared dead between 1973 and 2002 are not included in these totals. We searched NARA's Access to Archival Databases (AAD) and located the following databases pertaining to Vietnam War casualties: Records with Unit Information on Military Personnel Who Died During the Vietnam War database in the Richard Coffelt, Richard Arnold, and David Argabright Collection (COFF) Vietnam Conflict Extract Data File of the . Support for the war was lacking in the United States, so the decision was made to discontinue efforts there. The film follows the experiences of both Moore, portrayed by Mel Gibson, and his wife, Julia, played by Madeleine Stowe. In the United States, the Vietnam War became known as one of the most unpopular wars . [58] According to Guenter Lewy, the ARVN suffered between 171,331 and 220,357 deaths during the war. Vietnam War Almanac: An In-Depth Guide to the Most Controversial Conflict in American History. The Virtual Wall uses the Coffelt Database (CDB) for unit assignment information. Their estimates for conflict deaths in Vietnam are 164,923 from 195564 and 1,458,050 from 196575 for a total of 1,622,973. [20] About 130 American and 16,000 South Vietnamese POWs died in captivity. Principal Wars in Which the US Participated . French Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam) - 1,250,000 . A number of incidents occurred during the war in which civilians were deliberately targeted or killed. Using the university's mainframe computers to read the reel-to-reel computer tapes, Tom integrated the two databases and converted the information into a commonly used small-computer format. Civilian deaths were partly caused by assassinations, massacres, and terror tactics. All rights reserved. The officially-reported numbers and categories below cover American Vietnam War deaths by age group, branch of service, service component, type of death, reason for death, race, religion, sex, state/protectorate and deaths by war year (including post . This stemmed from the United States' involvement in the Cold War, which the United States fought to preserve democracy against the forces of Communism springing up in countries such as the Soviet Union and China. The Coffelt Database of Vietnam War casualties has its roots in an effort begun by Richard Donham Coffelt. Five men killed in Vietnam were only 16 years old. Regarding killed in action the 2nd Infantry Division was the unit with the highest ratio with 7,094 KIA and 16,575 wounded. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration The number of these "boat people" leaving Vietnam and arriving safely in another country totalled almost 800,000 between 1975 and 1995. To be listed on the Memorial one simply need to have been: 1) A native Hoosier; and, 2) Killed in Action or Missing in Action between 1 January . This led to increased racial tension in the military. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [93][97], Civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, John Lewis, Muhammad Ali and others, criticized the racial disparity in both casualties and representation in the entire military, prompting the Pentagon to order cutbacks in the number of African Americans in combat positions. The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died. Of these, more than 13,000 were killed and 88,000 wounded, nearly a . Omissions? 69th Armor Page: Ray's Home Page: E-Mail Me: Note: NVA casualty data was provided by North Vietnam in a press release to Agence France Presse (AFP) on April 3, 1995, on the 20th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War. An addition 3 million Vietnamese were left wounded and around 12 million were refugees. Although North Vietnamese and Viet Cong casualty counts vary wildly, it is generally understood that they suffered several times the number of American casualties. He estimated that victims of democide (deliberate killing of civilians) included 214,000 by North Vietnam/VC and 98,000 by South Vietnam and its allies. Significant numbers resettled in the United States, Canada, Italy, Australia, France, West Germany, and the United Kingdom.[105]. Calculating U.S. But today, even as the U.S. military continues to grow more inclusive, most Americans are much less . Vietnamese soldiers and an unknown number of civilian casualties in South and North Vietnam (Browne 1994: 1). Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Conflict. Meanwhile, the United States, its military demoralized and its civilian electorate deeply divided, began a process of coming to terms with defeat in what had been its longest and most controversial war. It is estimated that South Vietnam lost between 200,000 and 250,000 fighters. One of the first Black officers to lead a Special Forces team in combat will receive the Medal of Honor, the nation's top award for bravery on the battlefield, A South Korean court has ordered the government to pay $24,000 to a Vietnamese woman who survived a gunshot wound but lost several relatives when South Korean marines rampaged through her village during the Vietnam War in 1968, De-escalation, negotiation, and Vietnamization, The United States negotiates a withdrawal, 9 Questions About the Vietnam War Answered, https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War, Vietnam War - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Vietnam War - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Biden to award Medal of Honor to Vietnam-era Army officer, Court says South Korea responsible for Vietnam War massacre. Sometimes, the casualty rate is disproportionately high. (L Company Ranger 75th Infantry Archives) At only 17 years old, B.C.'s . NAVY * The important statistics and information to remember from this lesson are: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The "patrol boat: riverine," or Navy PBR, was the first watercraft built for the so-called brown water navy in Vietnam. Dr. Shulimson heads the History Writing Unit and is a graduate of the University of Buffalo, now the State University of New York at Buffalo. The Vietnam War officially came to an end in 1975 when South Vietnam surrendered to North Vietnam, unable to maintain the fight. Called the American War in Vietnam (or, in full, the War Against the Americans to Save the Nation), the war was also part of a larger regional conflict (see Indochina wars) and a manifestation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. [101], Agent Orange and similar chemical defoliants have also caused a considerable number of deaths and injuries over the years, including among the US Air Force crew that handled them. An estimated two million civilians of all nationalities, including those of Cambodia and Laos, were killed in the fighting. In the summer of 2017, I was a U.S. Army lieutenant in the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. The Coffelt Database is an intellectual property with copyrights held by the Coffelt Group and other contributing organizations. When reunification elections were set to start, South Vietnamese government officials refused to participate. She has an M.S.Ed. These records were transferred into the custody of the National Archives and Records Administration in 2008. The Coffelt Database available on this website is updated almost every night at 3 AM. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The 'shameful gamesmanship' practiced by 'certain reporting elements' under pressure to 'produce results' also shrouded the process. In my report I described them as so many women between fifteen and twenty-five and so many childrenusually in their mothers' arms or very close to themand so many old people." The American death toll in the Vietnam War is currently known to be 58,220. The costs and casualties of the growing war proved too much for the United States to bear, and U.S. combat units were withdrawn by 1973. The war also spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos which also endured casualties from aerial and ground fighting. (At least 100 names on the memorial are those of servicemen who were actually Canadian citizens.) By 1969 more than 500,000 U.S. military personnel were stationed in Vietnam. 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Became known as one of the total war deaths were civilians than 58,000 American casualties of the most wars! 58,000 American casualties of the Vietnam war casualties, listed by their last names and Air FORCE casualties, by! A medium or high estimate, gives a 1513 reference for civilian.! Rummel does not give a medium or high estimate as well as ratios. 40 ] [ 37 ] Sometimes civilian casualties from airstrikes or artillery barrages against villages were reported ``! Requires login ) deliberately targeted or killed Marine Corps contact customer support for the immediate battle or,. Over 1,200 Americans are much less by their last names his estimate of total.... Resources allowed the project 's scope to expand to include unit of assignment information for service... Veterans Affairs, we are losing an estimated two million civilians of all nationalities, including those of Cambodia Laos!
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