m/v Hondius. In its second Antarctic season, 191112, it made no major scientific or geographical discoveries, but could claim some significant achievements. Japan commenced its scientific activities in Antarctica in 1956, which was marked by the voyage of "Soya" with the 1st Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) on board. This breed's claim to fame came from the ill-fated 1958 Japanese research expedition to Antarctica. [8] A documentary film, constructed from Taizumi's footage, was a commercial success, but this did not benefit Shirase, who had sold the rights to the film company. Champagne was opened after Mrs Fuchs has telephoned. In his account to The Geographical Journal, Ivar Hamre describes a gala occasion, with flags and bunting flying,[23] while others write of brass bands, speeches and around 50,000 supporters present. At the time, the United Kingdoms claims in Antarctica were under increasing threat from Argentina and Chile. By the time Fuchs arrived at the Pole on January 19, a media firestorm had exploded. Telephone +81-42-512-0647 / Facsimile +81-42-528-3174. 1958: Explorers meet at South Pole. The Queen will confer a knighthood on Dr Fuchs, it was announced from 10 Downing Street. The Japanese Antarctic Expedition, led by army lieutenant Nobu Shirase, which aims to reach the Pole, is the first Japanese exploration of Antarctic territory. Antarctic Echoes. [89] After taking on fresh coal and provisions, Kainan Maru left Wellington on 2 April, and arrived in Yokohama on 19 June. . Hokkaido (1888 - 1958) Kainan Maru Ship Crew. 1958] (229) General Report on the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition II, -1957-58. The movie spectacularly traces some movements of the ill fated 1958 Japanese Antarctic expedition. Between 1992 and 2015, an image of a modified Massey Ferguson tractor graced the New Zealand $5 note, commemorating the achievement. 1958, Page 35 Buy Reprints. [61][62] Thick sea ice had formed in the inner part of the bay, so Kainan Maru could not approach the Barrier edge, and had to moor to the ice some distance away. Led by Edmund Hillary, an international celebrity since his 1953 ascent of Mt Everest, this party would lay depots of food and fuel to support the second part of Fuchs journey, from the South Pole to the Ross Sea. Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) commenced on the occasion of International Geophysical Year in 1957-1958. Dr Vivian Fuchs yesterday completed his 21,100-mile crossing of the Antarctic continent from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea. Nonetheless, the New Zealand government still had to heavily subsidise the enterprise. [22], On departure day, large crowds gathered to see the expedition off. [8][81] The Japanese were, however, the first to make a successful landing on King Edward VII Land from the sea. After an initial speculation about pirates, they saw as they drew nearer that the ship was flying the Norwegian flag, and realised that this was Amundsen's ship, Fram. Of these 15, seven of the dogs died on the chain, six of them disappeared, and two, Taro and Jiro, successfully overwintered and were discovered by the next research group the following spring. URANIUM IN ANTARCTICA; Japanese I. G. Y. Expedition Reports the Discovery. Although tales of secret Nazi bases or lost Antarctic colonies still . With Burton Island's assistance, a helicopter was able to rescue the team at Showa, but the plans to deploy the second year team were abandoned, and the helicopter rescue only included the humans at Showa. They established Showa Station on East Ongul Island in January of that year, and sent a team of 11 researchers and 15 Sakhalin Husky dogs as a sled team. 4.0 AntarcticaPast and Present. The Japanese Antarctic Expedition of -12 was the first exploration of Antarctic territory by an expedition from Japan. At the head of a major public relations campaign, Hillarys attachment to the expedition was a big factor in growing support for the expedition. Dr Fuchs and Sir Edmund linked arms as they stepped from the leading snocat. [84][85] The three men reached the foothills of this range but were then halted by an unbridgeable crevasse. The collection is arranged in the order it was deposited at the Institute. Some of the dogs fell out, lame or frostbitten. The official story tells us that the Antarctic snow cruiser was . On their return, Shirase and his team were greeted as heroes, but interest swiftly died, and Shirase was burdened with expedition debts that took years to clear. Please try again later. David formed a close friendship with Shirase, with whom he shared his knowledge and experience of Antarctic conditions. Even though the expedition remained officially separate, it could be seen as supporting the IGYs wide-ranging scientific research efforts. What had begun as a show of Commonwealth unity with Britain at the head became an international incident, reinforcing perceptions of a fracturing British Empire. [96] He died in relative obscurity in 1946. [13] Even the Tokyo Geographical Society refused its backing. 34, No. The area appears to have been subsumed into, "About JARE (Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition)", "Ross Sea Ice Shelf The World's Largest Body of Floating Ice", "The Japanese Antarctic Expedition of 1912", "Japanese Antarctica Expedition and the Shirase Sword", "Memorial plaque to the Japanese Antarctic Expedition visit to Parsley Bay, Sydney in 1911", "A century later, Shirase returns to Sydney a hero", "Nankyoku no kyoku: The cultural life of the Shirase Antarctic Expedition 191012", "Science, the South Pole, and the Japanese expedition of 19101912", "The Antarctica seen 100 years ago by the Shirase Japanese Antarctic Expedition", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_Antarctic_Expedition&oldid=1134397295, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 13:42. [72][79][n 4] Two land parties disembarked to explore what they thought was virgin territory, unaware that a team from Amundsen's expedition, led by Prestrud, had entered the land from the Barrier the previous year. [31][35] Kainan Maru would now make for Sydney, Australia, to sit out the southern winter and prepare for a second season. For Fuchs to succeed in journeying from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea via the South Pole, his plan like that of Ernest Shackletons ill-fated attempt 40 years earlier depended on a supporting party from New Zealand. Japan commenced its scientific activities in Antarctica in 1956, which was marked by the voyage of "Soya" with the 1st Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) on board. The Japanese party's sledges were described as "toy things", made of bamboo and wood. In the meantime, Fuchs team had encountered rough conditions and crossed the continent much more slowly than expected. [1] However, the idea intrigued and became a private passion for an army officer, Lieutenant Nobu Shirase,[2] who, inspired by the tales that reached him of European explorers such as Franklin, nursed a desire to emulate his heroes and explore the Arctic. Fukushima, Yoshiji (19) - Seaman Chiba - (1893 - 1943) Hamasaki, Miosaku (28 ) - Stoker Oita . It took 99 days to complete the 2,158-mile (3,473km) crossing but finally, on 2 March 1958, leader of the Commonwealth Trans Antarctic Expedition (TAE) Vivian 'Bunny' Fuchs could claim to be the first person to cross the White Continent. Though we could sense the many secrets hidden in its depths, there was not a shadow to be seen. The 2014 Antarctica2 mission to take a tractor to the South Pole emulates the achievement of explorer Sir Edmund Hillary who led the first mechanised expedition to the South Pole in 1958 using a fleet of Ferguson TE20 tractors. The trek was a distance of 3,473 kilometres and ended up taking 99 days. dataset; Argentina, Climatic Normals, 1931-1960. Dates. Dr Fuchs said he would return to his Cambridge home and geological work in London after a holiday in New Zealand. Eight Below adapts the events of the 1958 incident, moved forward to 1993. As part of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), 1956-1958 Japan instigated a programme of Antarctic research. The world has been through many tragic events that have shaped the world that we live in today. Assistant Professor of History, Texas Tech University, Daniella McCahey has received funding from the Royal Society of New Zealand and the National Science Foundation. Part of the Rauner Special Collections Library Repository. Showa, established in January 1957 on East Ongul . With the ending of IGY the threat arose that the moratorium too would end, letting the carefully worked out Antarctic structure collapse into its pre-IGY chaos. Sir Edmund, who at one stage urged Dr Fuchs to end his journey at the Pole because of the weather and postpone the full crossing until mountain ranges in the next year, said, laughing: I must say, Bunny, there were times when I wondered if you were going to get here, but you did., Dr Fuchs said, on the radio. [22] After cargo trimming in Tateyama, the ship finally left Japan on 1 December,[24] carrying 27 men and 28 Siberian dogs,[8] leaving behind a debt that would increase considerably during the course of the expedition, and would burden Shirase for many years. [8] Realistically, it was far too late in the season for this schedule to be viable, but this was not yet apparent to Shirase or his supporters. [96] He had hoped to raise substantial funds from the sale of his expedition account, but found that, in the rapidly-changing Japan, the taste for the "Boys Own" type of adventure story had diminished he had become, as Stephanie Pain puts it in her New Scientist account, "the wrong sort of hero". Why Everyone Should Do A Japanese Homestay. There was further evidence of friendliness when they later gave a radio interview together and Dr Fuchs paid tribute to Sir Edmunds work for the expedition. Edmund Hillary (left) with Vivian Fuchs at the South Pole, January 20, 1958. On 29 November 1910, a Japanese expedition bound for the Antarctic left Tokyo's Shibaura Harbour, farewelled by a crowd of over 50,000 people. Were working to restore it. Going home One of the sled dogs used by Dr Fuchs, catches a flight home after a job well done. . Even the American expedition to the Weddell Sea in 1947-48 did not acknowledge British sovereignty. The phylogenetic relationships of H. longifissa to other heteronemerteans remain uncertain. This project was a part of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), and Japanese Syowa Station was established on Ongul Island in Antarctica in 1957. In January 1957 the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) needed a sled dog to accompany its researchers, with the Sakhalin Husky, or Karafuto Ken as the . In 1958 Japanese research expedition to Antarctica, which made an emergency evacuation, left behind 15 Karafuto-Ken () dogs (also know as Sakhalin Huskies).The researchers believed that a relief team would arrive within a few days, so they left the dogs chained up outside with a small supply of food; however, the weather turned bad and the team never made it to the outpost. The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1955-58) achieved the first overland crossing of Antarctica via the South Pole. To request this item, please visit or contact us. [48] Just before their departure, as a further sign of his regard, Shirase presented David with his 17th century samurai sword, a rare gift indeed to a non-Japanese. Written permission to publish material subject to the Institute's copyright must be obtained from the Director. Three years after Fuchs and Hillarys official account of the expedition was published, Hillary published his own tell-all version which played up the masculinity and daring of the New Zealand party in opposition to the British. Led the 1963-64 Northern Victoria Land expedition, the last major Antarctic expedition where dogs were used. [8], Japan's interest in Antarctic research revived in 1956, with the first Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition. Early this afternoon Sir Edmund welcomed the British team led by Dr Vivian "Bunny" Fuchs . Japanese Antarctic Expedition Filchner - Deutschland - 1911-13 Second German National . The following elements may be needed for your citation. 1958 - 1959 Conditions Governing Access. [41], After a successful plea for further funding, Nomura and Tada returned to Sydney in October with money, provisions and a fresh supply of dogs. Fuchs tied the Trans-Antarctic Expedition to the scientific programme of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957-1958. [60], Shirase now decided to divide the expedition into two parts. The 1958 ill-fated Japanese expedition to Antarctica inspired the 1983 hit film Nankyoku Monogatari. This telegram was accidentally released to the New Zealand press. Perhaps most significantly, an exercise designed to showcase Commonwealth unity ended up demonstrating the opposite. The New Zealand support party he hoped would have some useful maps and geographical information to contribute. Details of conditions and fees may be had from the Archivist. Right from the get-go, the idea of staying with a bunch of strangers who didn't speak English at . The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition was conceived of in the early 1950s and took place in 1957 and 1958. [31][32] To their further discomfort, their proximity to the South Magnetic Pole was causing violent disturbances to the compass needle. Moreover, it marked the beginning of modern New Zealands close identification with Antarctica and its own Scott Base, and the end of old colonial hierarchies on the ice. [18], Hundreds applied to join the expedition, though none with any polar experience and only one, Terutaro Takeda, with any pretensions to a scientific background he was an ex-schoolteacher who had also served as a professor's assistant. [n 2] Appearing first as a faint line on the horizon,[55][56] as they grew closer it took on, Shirase later wrote, the appearance of "a gigantic white snake at rest". Since then, Japan has performed various observations at Syowa Station and the surrounding areas, and resulted in outstanding scientific outcome such as findings of ozone hole and Antarctic meteorites, recovery of climate change in the past through analyses of ice core, understanding of aurora generation mechanism, unexpected finding of puzzling ecosystems in Antarctic lakes, and findings of evidence of Gondwana, etc. The expeditions origins go back to 1953, when Vivian Fuchs, a geologist with the Falkland Islands Dependency Survey, began circulating a proposal for the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (TAE). [76] Arriving at their base camp on 31January, they recovered from their exertions by sleeping for 36hours. Cart. These had established that land underneath the ice cap on the Antarctic Plateau was all above sea level-there had been doubt about this previously. After failing to land in its first season, the Japanese expedition's original aim of reaching the South Pole was replaced by less ambitious objectives, and after a more successful second season it returned safely to Japan, without injury or loss of life. The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition from 1955 to 1958 was the first expedition to reach the South Pole overland for 46 years, preceded only by Amundsen's and Scott's respective parties in 1911 and 1912. We travelled in some bad weather but on only two of our 99 days was the weather so bad that we could not travel at all. he said. [17] Shirase also obtained important backing from one of Japan's leading newspapers, the Asahi Shimbun. The inscription describes the plaque as "a symbol of everlasting friendship between both countries".[104]. [98] The first substantial account in English, by Ivar Hamre in The Geographical Journal, did not appear until 1933. In fact, it was Hillary who selected, in a last-minute change, the bases location on Ross Island, as it was more convenient for the TAEs priority of travelling over the Polar Plateau. Antarctic expedition . [35][29], The initial reception in Sydney was cool, even hostile. Deviating from the expeditions initial plans and disobeying orders from the Ross Sea Committee, Hillary continued to the South Pole and arrived at the US Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station on January 3, 1958, becoming the first to make this journey using overland vehicles. Very pistols shot up coloured charges in noisy welcome and an American band from neighbouring Hut Point played as the long trek ended. The availability since 2011 of an English translation of Shirase's account has revealed the story of the expedition to a wider audience. OPINION: When the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition ended on March 2, 1958, it marked what many called the last great adventure possible on Earth: an overland crossing of the Antarctic . [8] By the time they were ready to depart, they had earned some respect from the New Zealand public; the Lyttelton Times sympathetically offered "the last Godspeed to the plucky little band of explorers from the Far East". But the Ross Sea Committee, which organised the expedition, worked to imbue the public with a sense that their country had a stake in the Antarctic territory they claimed: the New Zealand Antarctic Expedition, as it was often called domestically, would be a triumph for their nation. Copying material by photography, electrostat, or scanning device by readers is prohibited. [40] Edgeworth David and other supporters accompanied them for the short distance to Shark Island. The expeditions origins go back to 1953, when Vivian Fuchs, a geologist with the Falkland Islands Dependency Survey, began circulating a proposal for the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (TAE). Many of you know that I studied abroad in Kobe, Japan for 10 weeks during undergraduate. This would be the first overland crossing of the frozen continent. Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) commenced on the occasion of International Geophysical Year in 1957-1958. The Japanese Antarctic Expedition of 191012, in the ship Kainan Maru, was the first such expedition by a non-European nation. Indeed, by the end of the Trans-Antarctic Expedition, New Zealands biggest partner in Antarctic science was not the United Kingdom, but the United States. Yoshito Usui, Japanese manga artist (Crayon Shin-chan) (d. 2009) They had carried out seismic soundings right across the continent. Members of the team attempting the first surface crossing of the Antarctic have joined up at the South Pole. In the messroom at the base, a vast and disjointed cocktail party was soon under way. OPINION: When the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition ended on March 2, 1958, it marked what many called the last great adventure possible on Earth: an overland crossing of the Antarctic continent. [5] At 30.48m (100ft) in length and registering 204 GRT,[19] she was much smaller than the other Antarctic ships of the era less than a third the size of Robert Falcon Scott's Terra Nova. But as a historian of Antarctic science, I believe the expedition tells us about more than just Kiwi ingenuity and attitude. Read more: 200 years of exploring Antarctica the world's coldest, most forbidding and most peaceful continent, The wreck of Endurance is a bridge to a bygone age, and a reminder of Antarctica's uncertain future, Fighting boredom with banjos and Russian grammar tips from polar explorers for surviving months of isolation, Finding Shackleton's ship: why our fascination with Antarctica endures. Correspondence, subject files, project files, and reports of Task Force 43 (Operation Deep Freeze), including records relating to U.S. Navy exploratory flights in Antarctica, 1955-94. [7] Undaunted, Shirase then changed his plans; he would go south instead, and aim for the still unconquered South Pole. The term autograph is used when the author has signed the item. Queen Mother . The expedition was the first overland crossing Antarctica and traveled from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea via the South Geographic Pole. HDS30-23 This Polar Circle and Antarctic Peninsula cruise passes through waters travelled by Humpback, Minke and Fin whales. [94] In 1981 Shirase's hometown, Nikaho, erected a statue in his memory, and in 1990 opened a museum dedicated to his expedition. [86] They erected a sign recording their presence,[82][83] and after some further exploration of the area and the collection of rock samples,[87] returned to the ship. On 2 March 1958 Sir Vivian Fuchs and his party complete the first successful trans-Antarctic crossing. READ MORE: * Obituary: Vern Gerard, a scientist prepared to put a question mark on Hillary * Replica of Shackleton's boat donated to Akaroa * Go to Antarctica without leaving NZ * Antarctic Heritage Trust tractors cross the finish line for Sir Ed's hut. [42] Nomura and another expedition member, Keiichi Tada, went back to Japan to report on the situation, and to seek further funding for a renewed attempt in the following season. Outside Japan, the expedition was generally dismissed, or ignored altogether. The Japan National Institute of Polar Research began a multiyear research program in Antarctica to coincide with the International Geophysical Year of 1957. [14], Among the personnel selected were two Ainu people from the far northern Japanese islands, chosen for their skills with dogs and sledges. Although Fuchs later stressed the scientific potential of his plan which he said took initial shape as he sheltered from a blizzard, huddled in a tent on Antarcticas Stonington Island the proposal also had geopolitical motivations. Led by Edmund Hillary, an international celebrity since his 1953 ascent of Mt Everest, this party would lay depots of food and fuel to support the second part of Fuchs journey, from the South Pole to the Ross Sea. Lure of the ice: a view across the Ross Ice Shelf. Theres a certain amount of jubilation here this afternoon.. At the end of the first expedition in 1956-57 a wintering party of eleven members remained in Antarctica from February 1957 to February 1958, and ac complished preliminary research in cosmic-rays and auroral phemomena at the Japanese Base (690'22" S, 3935'24" E), and in geology and glaciology along the Prince Harald Coast. Three years after Fuchs and Hillarys official account of the expedition was published, Hillary published his own tell-all version which played up the masculinity and daring of the New Zealand party in opposition to the British. As a major industrial power, China has growing interests in the resource-rich Antarctic (Liu and Brooks 2018). [16] Okuma formed and presided over the Antarctic Expedition Supporters Association,[14] and the public began to contribute, mainly in small amounts from what Shirase described as the "student class". [39] One newspaper demanded their immediate expulsion, and castigated the "supineness" of the government in failing to take immediate action. Perhaps most significantly, an exercise designed to showcase Commonwealth unity ended up demonstrating the opposite. Mss-212, Box: 1, Folder: 11 (Mixed Materials) [8] Dogs would be the prime mode of transport in the Antarctic; Shirase's initial preference for Manchurian ponies was impractical, since the expedition's ship, acquired with the assistance of Okuna, was too small to carry horses. National Institute of Polar Research [91], While often treated as a footnote to the concurrent expeditions of Amundsen and Scott,[72][94] the Japanese party achieved several notable distinctions. In the fall of 1957 the U.S. Department of State reviewed its Antarctic policy and sounded out agreements with the 11 other governments that were active in Antarctica during IGY. So far, so good Sir Edmund Hillary (left) with Dr Vivian Fuchs at the South Pole in January. The ice "took the form of small lotus leaves, which gradually spread out over the sea to cover the whole surface". [75] Weather conditions were now much more favourable, and they covered the distance in three days, possibly the fastest polar sledge journey at that time. From the Archives, 1958: Fuchs crosses Antarctic continent. [31] The ship sailed on, past the Possession Islands and towards Coulman Island, where ice conditions were even worse. What many of you do not know is that as part of my trip I had to spend a homestay weekend with a Japanese family. This project was a part of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), and Japanese Syowa Station was established on Ongul Island in Antarctica in 1957. . This would be the first overland crossing of the frozen continent. Japanese Antarctic Expedition, 1958 - 1959 Stefansson Mss-212: United States Antarctic Projects Office-Official Observer reports Folder: 11, Box: 1 Citation Information How to Request. at the North Pole. It was also about national competition and prestige, disputed sovereignty, and competing versions of masculinity. The unloading completed, Kainan Maru departed for King Edward VII Land, leaving seven men on the Barrier. An emergency evacuation resulted in the abandonment of 15 sled dogs. The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1955-1958 was a Commonwealth-sponsored expedition that successfully completed the first overland crossing of A. 1958 - West Indies Federation; 1965 - Cooperation Year; 1965 - ITU; 1980 - 80th Aniv. Cruise date: 4 Mar - 14 Mar, 2023. [8] He accepted the Japanese expedition as genuine only their late start, he argued, had forced them to seek shelter in Australia. Well done.. [43][41], The expedition found another influential supporter, in the person of Tannatt Edgeworth David, professor of geology at the University of Sydney. Copyright 2020 Trustees of Dartmouth College, Japanese Antarctic Expedition, 1958 - 1959. Copyright National Institute of Polar Research All rights reserved. To reduce costs and reflect New Zealands agricultural strengths, he travelled with three TE20 Massey Ferguson tractors, modified with a full tracking system for use in the snowy conditions. Two Sakhalin Husky dogs, Taro and Jiro, who survived in Antarctica for a year. The expedition would reprovision in Wellington, New Zealand before proceeding to Antarctica, where they would set up winter quarters. This film is based on the Japanese film "Antarctica" (1983), and that both of these films are based on the true story of the ill-fated 1958 Japanese expedition to Antarctica. Data are focused on features of Antarctica and the Antarctic Ocean. [76] There were no fatalities or serious injuries among the personnel all returned safely home. While Fuchs soon won the support of many in the Commonwealth polar and scientific communities, some derided what appeared to be a geopolitical exercise using the supposedly apolitical, science-focused IGY. The Commonwealth-sponsored expedition successfully completed the first overland crossing of Antarctica, via the South Pole, on 2 March 1958. 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