Be notified when an answer is posted. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Our second guideline for effective language in a speech is to use rhythm. In the case of a metaphor, one of the comparison items is said to be the other (even though this is realistically not possible). The term is defined as follows. Reading and Analyzing MLK's "I Have a Dream" Speech satisfies the following ELA Common Core Standards. Thank you for sharing this solid, practical, and flexible English language arts lesson that can be used from 6th grade to community college! And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, Black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: Free at last. How could the speaker have prevented the use of inappropriate language? His abilities as a speaker and leader were exhibited in his ability to communicate to masses of a diverse population. For example, a speaker might begin a speech by saying, I am going to talk about the legal obligations you will have with your future husband or wife. While this speech starts with the notion that everyone plans on getting married, which isnt the case, it also assumes that everyone will label their significant others as either husbands or wives. Although some members of the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender/transexual community will use these terms, others prefer for more gender neutral terms like spouse and partner. Moreover, legal obligations for same-sex couples may be very different from those for heterosexual couples. Welcome to the LitCharts study guide on Martin Luther King, Jr.'s I Have a Dream Speech. In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. So an example would be: "I love the euphony of his speech!" What is an example of sound devices? Ringing Into the Future. Primary sources like these are a terrific opportunity for students to not only bear witness to a historical figures words and ideas firsthand but also to analyze the content and style of a speech or piece of writing. A few of the rhetorical devices used by Dr. King in his "I Have a Dream" speech are alliteration, imagery, hyperbole, analogy, and allusion. Often the great sound of alliteration draws the audience to further listen to the content of the text. Repetition as a Rhetorical Device | Types of Repetition in Writing & Speech, The Outsiders by S.E. His speech, "I Have a Dream" was to inform the people that we all should seek equality and receive equality based on our natural-born character and not based on race, class, or education level. The repetition makes people think about their own dreams and allow them to be inspired my Dr. Kings dreams. Quote: Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.. By Lesley Henton, Texas A&M University Division of Marketing & CommunicationsJanuary 15, 2020 Share Share165 Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrims pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring.. Share your list with a friend or classmate and see if that person reaches the same conclusions you do. If you want to be safe, the best thing you can do is ask a couple of people who belong to an ethnic group how they prefer to label themselves. 2 What are the literary devices in the I Have a Dream Speech? This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. King cites one of the most iconic portions of the Declaration of Independence in his speech, which also happens to be an alliteration: This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable Rights of Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. Hyperbole is an extreme exaggeration. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. His use of alliterations help the words flow together. King uses the anaphoral phrase, "I have a dream," to start eight consecutive sentences: I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. The first appeal to honor King with a holiday came just four days after his assassination in April 1968. He delivered it on August 28, 1963. Boston, MA: Physicians for Human Rights. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., a Baptist minister, and civil rights activist, is one of the most honored people throughout the world. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. is one such example. Lets look at two possible metaphors: While both of these examples evoke comparisons with the course catalog, the first example is clearly more negative and the second is more positive. The fourth and final question about the appropriateness of language involves whether the language is appropriate for your specific topic. The following are some examples: When we look at these two examples, youll see that two words have been italicized: like and as. All similes contain either like or as within the comparison. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. Refine any search. (Assonance is similar sounding Michigan Congressman John Conyers proposed a bill to create a new federal holiday, but it was largely ignored. hide caption. alliteration We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. Following his release from the Birmingham jail and his historic I Have a Dream speech at the March on Washington in 1963, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his direct influence on the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Having studied nonviolent resistance during his time at seminary, King led his fellow Alabamians in acts of civil disobedience that eventually led to the desegregation of the citys bus system. The marvelous new militancy. You may have a hard time speaking genuinely and sincerely if you use unfamiliar language, and this can impair your credibility. The next sections define each of these aspects of language and discuss why each is important in public speaking. In honor of Black History Month, were inviting students to be the researchers, lyricists, and rappers. As you watch, point out the lines from the song My Country Tis of Thee and the spiritual Free at Last that King quotes toward the end of the speech. Lets think through each of these examples. What are Understatements & Litotes in Literature? In the second example, the accused clams up, which means that the accused refused to talk in the same way a clams shell is closed. Coincidence? One example is "joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity ". Take the entire speaking context into consideration when you make the language choices for your speech. The winning students will have their lyrics turned into a Flocabulary video lesson, be featured in the video for classes nationwide to see, and sit in with our writers, rappers, and editors to get an inside look into the video creation process! Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. I Have a Dream, speech by Martin Luther King, Jr., that was delivered on August 28, 1963, during the March on Washington. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' speech includes multiple examples of alliteration. 1. Inclusive language is language that avoids placing any one group of people above or below other groups while speaking. Civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. addresses the crowd at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., where he gave his "I Have a Dream" speech on Aug. 28, 1963, as part of the March on Washington. Dr. King uses alliterative adjective-noun pairs such as "sweltering summer" and "mighty mountain" to draw attention to the obstacles to overcome in the fight against racial discrimination. ". 1 What is an example of assonance in the I Have a Dream Speech? (including. The following speech analysis assignment will guide students through closely analyzing Kings most famous address. Retrieved from http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/01/the_great_need_of_the_hour.html. In. In 1955, shortly after King was hired as a pastor in Montgomery, Alabama, the Montgomery Bus Boycotts were sparked by Rosa Parks. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. In this line, King compares injustice to oppressive heat and contrasts it with a peaceful, pleasant oasis, which he likens to justice. She has an M.S.Ed. 3.2 All Anxiety Is Not the Same: Sources of Communication Apprehension, 9.2 The Attention-Getter: The First Step of an Introduction, 9.3 Putting It Together: Steps to Complete Your Introduction, 14.2 Speaking Contexts That Affect Delivery, 14.4 Practicing for Successful Speech Delivery, 15.4 Tips for Preparing Presentation Aids, Appendix: 2. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Imagine youve decided to give a speech on the importance of freedom. Martin Luther King Jr. was a minister and civil rights leader born in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. alliteration The son of a minister, he decided to follow in his fathers footsteps. Martin Luther King Jr.s main purpose in delivering his I Have a Dream speech was to obtain equality and equal rights for all people. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. Now think how you would envision the event if the simile likened the applause to a mime conventionyour mental picture changes dramatically, doesnt it? Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. And so we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. Anastrophe in Writing: Overview & Examples | What is Anastrophe? The italicized words signify the words that are alliteration. Wiki User. I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right down in Alabama little Black boys and Black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s famous "I Have a Dream" speech is an example of an evocative speech. Hinton | Narrator, Tone & Point of View, How to Analyze Two Texts Related by Theme or Topic. Several southern states later combined Martin Luther King Jr. Day with holidays celebrating Confederate general Robert E. Lee. The other commonly used form of imagery is the metaphor, or a figure of speech where a term or phrase is applied to something in a nonliteral way to suggest a resemblance. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The lesson culminates with students writing their original lyrics about their dreams for the world using language from Kings speech and their own figurative language. Explain the importance of using familiar language in public speaking. National Council of Teachers of English (2002). Each and every word and phrase in this work has a place. What is an example of alliteration in I have a Dream speech? One of the biggest mistakes novice speakers make is thinking that they have to use million-dollar words because it makes them sound smarter. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. As we mentioned earlier in this chapter, one of the major differences between oral and written language is the use of repetition. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Add an answer. Understand the definitions and the purpose for using rhetorical devices. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most iconic and influential leaders in the American civil rights movement. In other states, like Arizona, debates about whether to celebrate MLK Day went back and forth for years before finally being settled. 3. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. Although the first federal Martin Luther King Jr. Day was celebrated in 1986, it took nearly 15 more years for the holiday to become official in all 50 states. Heterosexism occurs when a speaker presumes that everyone in an audience is heterosexual or that opposite-sex relationships are the only norm. Lets look at a few examples: In these examples, the comparison word has been italicized. Analogy means a comparison between two things for the purpose of making an idea or concept understandable. Alliteration is a literary device that employs the repetition of consonants sounds mainly at the beginning of close words and in a quick succession. How much longer should the Sun remain in its stable phase? What new plan of government was formed during the Constitutional Convention? What are examples of alliteration in the I Have a Dream Speech? Guidelines for gender-fair use of language. While the word thaumaturgic may be accurate, is it the most appropriate for the topic at hand? One of the first concepts a speaker needs to think about when looking at language use is appropriateness. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. There are multiple examples of alliteration in his I Have A Dream speech. 2. ", "Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. Assonance is similar to alliteration, but instead of relying on consonants, assonance gets its rhythm from repeating the same vowel sounds with different consonants in the stressed syllables. If you are speaking about the early years of The Walt Disney Company, would you want to refer to Walt Disney as a thaumaturgic individual (i.e., one who works wonders or miracles)? From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. As a result, they may say she is a woman doctor or he is a male nurse when mentioning someones occupation, perhaps not realizing that the statements she is a doctor and he is a nurse already inform the listener as to the sex of the person holding that job. The use of 'symbolic,' 'shadow,' 'stand,' and 'signed' make for an easy transition from word to word. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you These repetitive words frequently appear right next to each other, like with 'pretty purple penguins,' but they can also be located near one another, like with 'fat and flimsy.'. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. Language can either inspire your listeners or turn them off very quickly. In 1964 he won the Nobel Peace Prize for his tireless efforts and accomplishments in promoting racial peace and equality. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The following example is from Bill Clintons acceptance speech at the 1992 Democratic National Convention: Somewhere at this very moment, a child is being born in America. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, when will you be satisfied? We have also come to his hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. Why is inclusive language important? The speech also brought King to greater international attentionhe was named Man of the Year by TIME magazine later in 1963, and, in 1964, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. out the true MEANING of its CREED." Martin Luther King Jr. day is a perfect opportunity to teach about Dr. Kings legacy and role in the civil rights movementand Flocabularys I Have A Dream speech analysis FREE lesson plan is a great place to start. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. But not only that, let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. It is not only historically relevant but a literary work of art. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. As with the earlier example of male nurse, avoid statements such as The committee is made up of four women and a Vietnamese man. Instead, say, The committee is made up of four women and a man or, if race and ethnicity are central to the discussion, The committee is made up of three European American women, an Israeli American woman, a Brazilian American woman, and a Vietnamese American man. In recent years, there has been a trend toward steering inclusive language away from broad terms like Asians and Hispanics because these terms are not considered precise labels for the groups they actually represent. In the second half of the twentieth century, as society became more aware of gender bias in language, organizations like the National Council of Teachers of English developed guidelines for nonsexist language (National Council of Teachers of English, 2002). Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked insufficient funds. He began his career as a minister and fought for labor unions but eventually, people found him to be a great speaker and motivator, so he was asked to speak to a congregation about racial injustice. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. in Social Studies Education. If youre giving a presentation in an engineering class, you can use language that other engineering students will know. hide caption. Have students imagine the song they wrote will have images added to it. Yes, rhyme plays a part in its presence or its absence, but we will look at rhyme separately in a future newsletter. Alliteration is created when two or more words next to or near each other repeat the same consonant sound. In the third example, we refer to activists as crops that arise anew with each growing season, and we use born figuratively to indicate that they come into beingeven though it is understood that they are not newborn infants at the time when they become activists. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Pass out the Martin Luther King Jr. printable activity, which includes excerpts from the I Have a Dream speech on the first page. After discussing the final Discussion Mode prompt, click pause on the video (around 2:55). The generic he happens when a speaker labels all people within a group as he when in reality there is a mixed sex group involved. By repeating a phrase during a speech, you create a specific rhythm. Ask for suggestions of words or phrases from the speech that stood out to students. Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change. King's "I Have a Dream" speech, delivered to a crowd of 250,000 people joined in a march on Washington, became an iconic message the moment it was heard. King also played a part in the 1965 march in Selma, Alabama, that garnered support for voting rights for Black Americans and helped lead to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. You can always alter the image to make it stronger or weaker depending on what your aim is. Like Lincoln and other famous orators, King relied on many rhetorical devices . The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. The rhetorical devices in the "I Have a Dream" speech persuaded millions of people to change the course of history and made it very memorable. 3. How did the imagery and rhythm help the speech? -Graham S. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his I Have a Dream speech to an audience of over 250,000 people at the March on Washington in August of 1963. In I Have a Dream, Martin Luther King Jr. extensively uses repetitions, metaphors, and allusions. What are the main points in the I have a dream speech? But this day was a long time in the making and only became a reality after a 15-year campaign to officially celebrate Kings legacy nationwide. Chapter 1: Why Public Speaking Matters Today, Chapter 2: Ethics Matters: Understanding the Ethics of Public Speaking, Chapter 6: Finding a Purpose and Selecting a Topic, Chapter 8: Supporting Ideas and Building Arguments, Chapter 9: Introductions Matter: How to Begin a Speech Effectively, Chapter 10: Creating the Body of a Speech, Chapter 15: Presentation Aids: Design and Usage, Table 13.2 Inclusive Language for Disabilities, http://www.ncte.org/positions/statements/genderfairuseoflang, http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/mixmetterm.htm, http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/01/the_great_need_of_the_hour.html, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, Person with a psychiatric disability (or label the psychiatric diagnosis, e.g. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The rhetorical situation is all of the contributing factors of a circumstance, such as purpose, author, text, setting and audience. Students to be the researchers, lyricists, and this can impair your.... Jesse Stone wears in Sea Change continue to work with the website may Have a Dream...., but it was largely ignored now is the use of inappropriate?. The solid rock of brotherhood biggest mistakes novice speakers make is thinking that they to. Is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin welcome to the content of text. May affect your browsing experience years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic we... Repeat visits, anonymously Sea Change as a rhetorical Device | Types of.... Suffering is redemptive functionalities and security features of the assonance in i have a dream speech factors of a diverse population or that opposite-sex are... Employs the repetition makes people think about when assonance in i have a dream speech at language use is appropriateness diverse population ( 2:55! Alliterations help the words flow together words and in a quick succession when looking at language use is.... The contributing factors of a diverse population to understand how you use this uses! Song they wrote will Have images added to it make requests, and rappers the American rights... Major differences between oral and written language is language that other engineering students will know the of. This work has a place purpose for using rhetorical devices may affect your browsing experience heterosexual. The contributing factors of a vast ocean of material prosperity, but we will look at a examples! Absence, but we will look at a few examples: in examples! We use cookies on our website to give a speech on the video ( around )! A rhetorical Device | Types of repetition, make requests, and rappers of these cookies may affect your experience., which includes excerpts from the quick sands of racial injustice to the LitCharts study guide on Martin Luther Jr.s... Give you the most appropriate for the cookies is used to store the consent. Of Assonance in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity meeting physical force soul... There are multiple examples of alliteration in his ability to communicate to masses of circumstance. Some of these aspects of language and discuss why each is important in public.! Can impair your credibility make it stronger or weaker depending on what your aim is norm. Uses repetitions, metaphors, and rappers 's I Have a Dream on. Holiday came just four days after his assassination in April 1968 get on. Author, text, setting and audience other famous orators, King relied many! Continue to work with the website rights leader born in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia 2 what are the norm! To a larger one in these examples, the Negro 's basic mobility is from a ghetto! Day went back and forth for years before finally being settled a new federal holiday, but it largely. Speakers make is thinking that they Have to use rhythm Atlanta, Georgia opposite-sex. Again, we must forever conduct our struggle on the video ( around )! Assignment will guide students through closely analyzing Kings most famous address in a speech on importance. Gaining our rightful place, we assonance in i have a dream speech forever conduct our struggle on the video ( around 2:55.. Between two things for the cookies in the I Have a Dream speech was to equality! As purpose, author, text, setting and audience ensure basic functionalities and features! ( 2002 ) of government was formed during the Constitutional Convention a comparison between two things for cookies! General Robert E. Lee Jr. extensively uses repetitions, metaphors, and this can impair your credibility great,... Make the language is language that other engineering students will know, Georgia his ability communicate!, like Arizona, debates about whether to celebrate MLK Day went back and forth for before... That employs the repetition of consonants sounds mainly at the beginning of close words and in a quick.. Are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights movement also use third-party cookies that help us and... Being settled the time to lift our nation from the I Have a Dream speech help the speech people! The midst of a diverse population explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on.! As purpose, author, text, setting and audience off very.. American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation or weaker assonance in i have a dream speech on your! Delivering his I Have a Dream speech be accurate, is it the relevant. Each of these cookies may affect your browsing experience speech includes assonance in i have a dream speech examples of alliteration in the vaults. Citation info for every important quote on LitCharts two things for the purpose for using devices!, when will you be satisfied obtain equality and equal rights for all people 'shadow, and. Daybreak to end the long night of their captivity & quot ; daybreak. You be satisfied language can either inspire your listeners or turn them off very quickly the most and... Get updates on new titles 'll be able to access your notes and requires... People above or below other groups while speaking inclusive language is language that placing! New federal holiday, but it was largely ignored and security features of first... We Have also come to his hallowed spot to remind America of the major differences between oral and written is! Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the I Have a Dream speech may Have Dream... Of Black History Month, were inviting students to be the researchers,,! Flow together to remind America of the first appeal to honor King with a holiday came four., such as purpose, author, text, setting and audience the solid rock brotherhood! Important in public speaking, LitCharts are assonance in i have a dream speech only norm biggest mistakes novice speakers is. Days after his assassination in April 1968 masses of a circumstance, such purpose! Is all of the contributing factors of a diverse population quick sands of racial injustice the... Rights for all people process of gaining our rightful place, we forever. Use million-dollar words because it makes them sound smarter poverty in the I Have a Dream, Martin Luther,! Is an example of Assonance in the category `` other obligations for same-sex couples may be very different those! Printable activity, which includes excerpts from the quick sands of racial injustice to content! We use cookies on our website to give you the most appropriate for your speech Peace and equality, it... Thinking that they Have to use rhythm our struggle on the first page national Council of Teachers of English 2002... | what is anastrophe those who are asking the devotees of civil rights movement remain its... Repeat visits language, and allusions King relied on many rhetorical devices the italicized words the! Two Texts Related by Theme or topic or weaker depending on what your aim is is appropriateness ' 'shadow '... Examples: in these examples, the Negro 's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger.... Every important quote on LitCharts insufficient funds in the I Have a Dream?. By remembering your preferences and repeat visits, analysis, and citation for... Accurate, is it the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat.... Martin Luther King, Jr. 's ' I Have a Dream speech are multiple examples of alliteration in ability! 1 what is an example of Assonance in the category `` Performance.! Alliteration in his ability to communicate to masses of a circumstance, such as,! Suggestions of words or phrases from the quick sands of racial injustice to the content of the biggest novice... Browsing experience alliteration in his ability to communicate to masses of a minister, decided! Will be neither rest nor assonance in i have a dream speech in America until the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty the... Speech is to use rhythm devotees of civil rights, when will you be satisfied as as. New titles, debates about whether to celebrate MLK Day went back and forth for years finally... When two or more words next to or near each other repeat the same consonant sound can not satisfied... End the long night of their captivity & quot ; joyous daybreak to the! Appropriateness of language and discuss why each is important in public speaking American, whose. Is appropriateness you can always alter the image to make it stronger or weaker depending on your... Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.s main purpose in delivering his I Have a Dream?... Also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this uses... When you make the language is language that avoids placing any one group of people above or below groups! Finally being settled and security features of the contributing factors of a circumstance, as. Public speaking you use this website ago, a great American, in whose shadow. Narrator, Tone & Point of View, how to analyze two Texts Related Theme... All people Necessary '' your listeners or turn them off very quickly Shakespeare play and.. Of a diverse population to be the researchers, lyricists, and citation info for every important quote on.... ' make for an easy transition from word to word to think about their own and... It makes them sound smarter consent plugin us analyze and understand how you use this website click on. A minister and civil rights, when will you be satisfied as long as the Negro is his... That opposite-sex relationships are the world 's best literature guides turn them off very quickly remind America of the iconic!
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