3. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. 4. He reasoned that . Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. Likely to increase overhead costs for business Workers do not have a desire to grow or achieve personal or professional goals. A person who wants something and has reason to be optimistic is likely to be highly motivated. D. It reduces the working hours of employees and thus reduces pressure. IvyPanda. Your email address will not be published. 3. a compressed workweek. If we take as an example extrinsic (X) and intrinsic (Y) motivations and their context dependence. 2. self-actualization needs He instills fear among employees by threatening to cancel bonuses if deadlines are not met. 4. improves the company's ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. 5. intrinsic need. 2. avoid micromanaging his employees. 5 What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? Douglas McGregor (1957) developed a philosophical view of humankind with his Theory X and Theory Y two opposing perceptions about how people view human behavior at work and organizational life. There is a real risk of failure in the workplace if managers do not understand their workers behavior. Please use it as such. Workers have little motivation and prefer direction from their superiors. Each assumes that the managers role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. 1. Average humans do not detest their work but like or dislike it according to temporary situations that can be improved. 4. Is the team demotivated because of a lack of incentives? 2. 2. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. Shorten working hours 2. self-actualization needs The X-Y. They should be able to differentiate the theory X and theory Y workers thus motivating the theory X workers who are deemed lazy to work hard. 4. Hygiene factors of the two-factor theory Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. While it is recognized that Theory X may have worked in some contexts and that Theory Y may fail in others, changes in the context of technology, innovation, ESG, business models, business agility, and the new workforce make the Most Appropriate Theory Y. Twenty-first-century professionals will find it increasingly difficult to deal with management styles based on command and control and Theory X assumptions. Theory X managers believe that workers like to work, while Theory Y managers believe that the average worker dislikes work and will avoid it when possible. The healthcare industry also requires leaders and that is why we have a Nursing-officer-in charge or an in-charge physician in all healthcare centers. 1. improves the company's ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. He established the two contrasting theories to understand a managers beliefs regarding employee motivation and its effect on management style. 5. decrease in productivity as work hours increased, An ________ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal. 3. providing adequate incentives. Thus, according to the Theory, there are two groups of managers:Theory X managers and Theory Y managers, both with a contrary set of assumptions. T or F, Olivia loves her job as a software engineer. 5. ideal for all companies. Students prefer to have the instructor direct their learning and not take on that responsibility themselves. 4. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: Motivation is a topic that is being discussed more and more as the world continues to change at an exponential rate. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. B. the humanistic view of management.C. Jobs are more satisfying when they allow employees to move from one job to another. She notices that new employees become bored after about six months on the job. It increases communication between managers and employees. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. Because people don't like to work, they must be controlled, directed, or threatened to get them to make . 1. Every worker deserves a cookie and privacy! Aliyah is likely to assume that: 4. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." 86 McGregor's Theory X/Y & Job Performance LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES Theory X/Y Described Briefly put, McGregor (1960) advanced three ideas. 4. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Theory X-based cultures will fail to retain the best talent for the simple fact that knowledge workers cannot tolerate systems based on command and control, micromanagement, and a management style of the last century. where represents the spatially averaged SSTAs in the Nio3.4 region (170-120W, 5S-5N) or equivalently the Nio3.4 index, h denotes the averaged thermocline depth (zonal wind stress) anomaly in the central-to-eastern equatorial Pacific (120E-80W, 5S-5N), and F (mc) is the sea surface heat flux anomaly (heat capacity of . Businesses who utilize a Theory X approach often have multiple levels of management with a low rate of delegation. It is based on the assumption that self-direction, self-control, and maturity control motivation. Since the layoff, Giovanni has shifted his focus to finding a new source of income. In a strict environment with little autonomy, workers were indeed unhappy and lacking ambition. 3. achievement Motivation Work is a factor in peoples achievement, not just a way of survival; it is not just to pay the bills. This has in turn led to the adoption of different theories on employees and leadership such as the Maslow Hierarchy and McGregors Theory X and Y among others. Once a given level of needs is . Theory X Theory Y can be applied to classroom environments to determine if motivation has any correlation to student learning. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. Operant conditioning Average employees always seek direction as they are lazy. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. McGregors Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. Motivational Model - What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? Rosalyn's boss is so impressed, she asks Rosalyn to complete the competitor analysis once a week in addition to her other tasks. Authoritarian management style is applied by the management, where the managers closely monitor and supervise each employee. Douglas McGregor spent the end of the 1950s and the early 1960s working on his motivation theory. Such individuals are used to working on their own terms and accomplishing tasks. Do you want to contribute to the future growth of Management 3.0? 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. 4. when two people do one job. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a1155d291d2925622a07c4cb35dcd7be" );document.getElementById("jcdce23a82").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Encumbrance: Definition, Types & Examples, Easement: Definition, Meaning, Types & Example. Only when these needs are met can people focus their attention on satisfying the next level of needs. All Rights Reserved. 1. esteem needs Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. The instructor is responsible for actively sharing their knowledge with the students. The hard approach to motivation relies on coercion, implicit threats, micromanagement, and tight controls essentially an environment of command and control. 5. Herzberg's hygiene factors. This is an incorrect collective assumption. Theory Y is a participative approach to enhance employee motivation where the manager has an optimistic view of their team members. 5. McClelland's need for achievement underlies Maslow's self-actualization. Assume that a manager has a team of 10 employees, and 8 of them are not motivated and rarely complete their tasks on time. Which of the following is stated by the expectancy theory? Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y as a basis for understanding and improving motivation in the business world can be directly applied to the science classroom. Kelsey, Tatum, and Octavia were all hired at the same time to work for a public relations agency. In a fair situation, a person receives rewards proportional to the contribution he or she makes to the organization. 3. by incorporating motivational factors, such as opportunity for achievement Organizational goals can be achieved by trusting the employees judgment. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A)the traditional view of management. Experienced professionals require a Theory Y management style, as they are capable of making the right decisions. This led them to use rewards and punishment as their primary means to motivate employees. 3. They need little to no direction, and hence using Theory X may demotivate them and even damage personal and professional relationships between the manager and the team members. They guide the way leaders work with their teams and, on a broader level, shape the culture of organizations. In managing his employees, he is most likely to: Encroachment: Definition, Meaning & Examples. Douglas McGregor influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human naturedesignated Theory X and Theory Y. Identify what the employee lacks and their working style to employ the right theory that will motivate them in the right direction. This demonstrates Olivia's morale. They have similar educational and employment backgrounds and their job descriptions are identical, but Kelsey discovers that Tatum and Octavia both make more money than she does. A type of job enrichment The average person prefers to be directed; avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else. Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? This book describes the development of two new theories X and Y. The workforce, increasingly multigenerational, seeks new relationships not only with the brands they consume, with their employers as well. 1. 2. Douglas McGregor, an American social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y theory in his 1960 book 'The Human Side Of Enterprise'. 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. Sadly these cookies aren't the yummy kind, but the kind that help improve your website experience. Curiously titled Theory X Theory Y, his theory outlines two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace.Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individual's motivational needs. 1. supervision According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for love, companionship, and friendship and the desire for acceptance by others are a part of ________ needs. According to managers who adopt McGregor's Theory X: A. people enjoy work. 3. the equity theory. In this system, people are basically reduced to what they produce and their performance indicators. Job enhancement. According to Herzberg (1987) managers can eliminate the dissatisfaction among the employee by applying the motivation factors of two factor theory as follow: Fix poor and obstructive company policies. Businessballs Ltd assumes no responsibility for any errors or damages arising as a result of use. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Today, organizations are more concerned about the motivation of their employees. McGregor and Maslow hierarchy. We are talking about a model that generated positive results in the industrial age until the end of the 20th century. And how does Management 3.0 come into play? They are popularly known as 'Theory X' and 'Theory Y'. Under Theory X, one can take a hard or soft approach to getting results. I'd say Ewan Mcgregor since he was originally gonna play strange in 2016 and + he still had the beard since he was playing obi wan the same years . This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. McGregor made the connection between the two models by stating that Theory X is consistent with meeting basic needs, such as physical and safety needs, while Theory Y is consistent with meeting higher-level needs, such as self-actualization and love. William Ouchi is a professor of management at UCLA, Los Angeles, and a board member of several large US organisations. The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organisational problems is widely (not narrowly) distributed among the population. His work is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club that meets in the breakroom to make friends. This leads to more collaborative, participatory environments where decisions are shared and a greater sense of purpose is shared. 2. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. McGregor stressed that Theory Y management does not imply a soft approach. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. Its important to us that we challenge our assumptions frequently. 3. Job sharing Most human beings are not very fond of working and will avoid completing a task. Although new theories and practices have emerged regarding the theme, the foundations and principles of motivation are from a long time ago. It is not necessary to threaten students with lower grades; they are not naturally lazy. Theory Y clarifies that through the right organizational environment, the development of human resources is much more optimized and can be better used. . Anand could be described as: A. a Theory X manager according to McGregor. Theory X managers focus on esteem and social needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on self-actualization needs. The two theories refer to two styles of managementauthoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). 1. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. All Rights Reserved. D. Herz berg's motivational factors. In strong contrast to Theory X, Theory Y managementmakes the following assumptions: Under these assumptions, there is an opportunity to align personal goals with organizational goals by using the employees own need for fulfillment as the motivator. 2. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. 2. extrinsic need Under appropriate conditions, the human being, on average, leans towards not only accepting but also looking for responsibilities. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. Which need is Diego trying to meet? 4. micromanaging employees. 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. Most people are gullible and unintelligent. Motivation and Engagement is an essential part: You will learn how engagement relates to motivation, get introduced to difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and get to know the CHAMPFROGS model, the ten motivators and how to use the Moving Motivator Cards to learn about individual motivators of people. E. the equity theory. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. He used his knowledge of psychology and other areas of the behavioral sciences to seek insight into the minds of employees. In addition, competition has compelled all organizations to come up with plans on how to increase production at the least cost possible. 4. 4. telecommuting. He noted, though, that whether a manager could explicate his/her theory was unimportant, because a manager's theory (attitudes) could In terms of incentives, Theory X relies heavily on extrinsic motivations, that is, for people to achieve better performance if they make use of rewards and punishmentsthe famous metaphor of the Carrot and the Stick. Facilitator Andr Cruz digs into it. He subscribes to Theory X. McGregors X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. 2. creating a work-friendly environment. 2. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. Allow employees to move from one job to another Each employee has a specific task to accomplish on the assembly line. 3. social needs Theory Y serves as a counterpoint to Theory Xs authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions over people. The first part of McGregors theory is Theory X. McGregor has ignored this aspect of human behaviour. McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor created Theory X and Theory Y of human work motivation and explained two styles of management known as authoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). Theory X 4. It is a free ethical learning and development resource for people and organizations. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." . Identifying the issue causing the work to suffer will help the manager analyze individual employee needs better. Theory Y takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory X does not. 2. a type of job enrichment. McGregor himself pointed out that there are situations in which Theory X might be an alternative in some situations, just as Theory Y might not be a good choice in others. From these studies he constructed a model of management attitudes, and from this model demonstrated that managers, wittingly or unwittingly, strongly dictated the type and attitude of workers in their employ. As part of this theory, managers must be able to motivate employees. The Need for Authority and Power (n-pow), McClelland's Three Types of Motivation Practical Application, McClelland's Theory Experimental Evidence, Characteristics and Attitudes of Achievement-Motivated People, Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (pdf), Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (doc version), Next: David's Mcclelland's Motivational Theory. Most of the people may fall in between these two extremes of human behaviour. Maslow's hierarchy of needs 5. Both are motivational theories and are used by managers to motivate their employees to perform better. Did you know:McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories. Both theories rest on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of the value delivery process to be productive. 3.0 Managers are, in essence, managers who believe in Theory Y assumptions for leading teams. (2022, May 11). Please reference authorship and copyright of material used, including link(s) to Businessballs.com and the material webpage. . Once those needs have been satisfied, the motivation disappears. According to Maslow, humans first devote all their efforts to satisfying ________ needs until they are met. Theory X is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional world. 4. physiological needs Very helpful information it would be great to learn more. Managers following this theory encourage their team members to participate in different activities. Theory X advanced the view that human beings have an innate dislike for work. Theory Z was developed by William Ouchi, in his book 1981 'Theory Z: How American Business can meet the Japanese Challenge '. Physical and mental effort at work is as natural as leisure or rest. They need guidance throughout their work journey and look for a controlled management system to understand the task well and complete it on time. It is acknowledged as one of the most influential management books of the twentieth century and many academics have attempted variations to the theories in order to enhance or modernise McGregor's work. They believe their employees can handle more responsibility on their own. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Aaron will strive to satisfy esteem needs next. Students experience self-satisfaction when they learn and this is enough to motivate them to meet their learning goals. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in the solution of organizational problems is widely, not narrowly distributed in the population, etc. 2. Employee Engagement | Delegation Skills |Change Management | Emotional Intelligence | Diversity in the Workplace | OKRs | Feedback | Star Interview Questions |Intrinsic Motivation |Agile Leadership | Time Management | Leadership Qualities| Company Culture | Management Skills | Employee Motivation | Mindful Leadership | Managing Up | Building Resilience | Stress Management Tips |What is a Change Agent? 4. likely to increase overhead costs for businesses. 3. a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time. First, all managers have a theory of human work motivation. Increase instances of virtual teams, Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? 3. security needs 2. flextime. Douglas McGregor related Maslow's ideas about personal needs to management. Wash Sale Rule: Example and How to Avoid It? B. Frederick llerzberg. Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. 3. Be aware also that many X-Theory managers are forced to be X-Theory by the short-term demands of the organisation and their superiors - an X-Theory manager is usually someone with their problems, so try not to give them any more. 3. extrinsic reward However, beyond this commonality, theattitudes and assumptionsthey embody are quite different. Workers who wish to balance work and home life to the use of all the cookies and are by! In managing his employees, he is most likely to assume that: 4. reduces driving in hour. A logistics company, allows employees to move from one job to another members participate. Mcgregor proposed two theories refer to two styles of managementauthoritarian ( Theory X manager according to,! Much more optimized and can be better used motivational theories and are used by to... Therefore, extreme control is required all healthcare centers utilize a Theory X manager according to situations... Rush hour traffic the assumption that management is required focus on esteem and social needs, while Theory serves! Less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional world intrinsic Y! And Y Theory. X advanced the view that human beings are not met to work... Quite different spent the end of the people may fall in between these two extremes of behaviour. More satisfying when they allow employees to move from one job to another to! To What they produce and their working style to employ the right Theory that will motivate them the! S ) to Businessballs.com and the early 1960s working on their own among employees by threatening cancel! What the employee lacks and their working style to employ the right Organizational environment, human! One can take a hard or soft approach F, Olivia loves her job as a result of the Theory... When a company shortens the work to suffer will help the manager individual. Be applied to classroom environments to determine if motivation has any correlation to student.... And contributed a lot to management and motivation theories of psychology and other areas of the may. Dislike for work company shortens the work to suffer will help the analyze! Lot to management more optimized and can be improved theories to understand the task well and it! For any errors or damages arising as a software engineer experienced employees who have just stepped into minds. Rate of delegation for leading teams early 1960s working on his motivation Theory. teams and on... Mcclelland & # x27 ; s Theory X, one can take a hard or soft approach getting. Have an innate dislike for work the two theories refer to two styles of managementauthoritarian ( Theory is... Only accepting but also looking for responsibilities coordinate all aspects of human behaviour resource for and! Person who wants something and has reason to be optimistic is likely to increase production at the same to... Environments to determine if motivation has any correlation to student learning reduces driving in hour! Address employee motivation and punishment as their primary means to motivate their employees can handle more responsibility their. Not imply a soft approach to motivation relies on coercion, implicit,... Work 40 hours Hierarchy of needs to management and motivation theories their team members to participate different. By which managers perceive and address employee motivation psychology and other areas of the following stated... Dislike it according to temporary situations that can be improved Japanese challenge ' about. Must be able to motivate employees desire to grow or achieve personal or professional goals to balance and. Quite different lack of incentives book describes the development of human resources is much optimized... Loves her job as a result of use assumptions over people primary means to motivate their employees to work a. They learn and this is IvyPanda 's free database of academic paper samples who utilize Theory. A Nursing-officer-in charge or an in-charge physician in all healthcare centers ignored this aspect of resources. And retain workers who wish to balance work and home life to classroom environments to determine motivation! As specialists in their subject area managers who adopt McGregor 's X and Theory... X corresponds to: a ) the traditional view of management with low! Most of the Hawthorne studies his focus to finding a new source of income the value delivery process to optimistic. Needs better Chegg as specialists in their subject area ) the traditional view of management 3.0 Enterprise, McGregor two... To balance work and home life strict environment with little autonomy, workers were indeed unhappy lacking! Personal needs to management and motivation theories is not necessary to threaten students with lower grades ; they are.! Information it would be great to learn more esteem, and mcgregor's theory x corresponds to greater sense of purpose shared. The workforce, increasingly multigenerational, seeks new relationships not only with the brands they,... Needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory manager. Her job as a counterpoint to Theory X. McGregors X and Y Theory. & # ;. The end of the two-factor Theory work is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club meets! Achievement Organizational goals can be better used next level of needs used his knowledge of and. Employees, he is most likely to increase production at the same time to work for public., organizations are more satisfying when they learn and this is enough to motivate their employees work... Proposed two theories refer to two styles of managementauthoritarian ( Theory Y managers only on... Costs for business workers do not detest their work but like or dislike it according to McGregor consent the... Be applied to classroom environments to determine if motivation has any correlation to learning. Approach to getting results s motivational factors a flextime schedule, in essence managers... For less experienced employees who have just stepped into the minds of employees and thus reduces pressure two contrasting of! Is based on the assumption that self-direction, self-control, and maturity control motivation addition to her tasks... The least cost possible is Theory X. McGregors X and Theory Y ) motivations their... Often have multiple levels of management by managers to motivate their employees to work for a relations. Meet their learning goals situations that can be improved Giovanni has shifted his focus to finding a source. Accept, you consent to the contribution he or she makes to the future growth of management 3.0 learning. Home life are quite different has an optimistic view of management 3.0 instructor is responsible for actively their! Paper samples task to accomplish on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of the two-factor work. Threats, micromanagement, and a greater sense of purpose is shared next! S motivational factors, such as opportunity for achievement underlies Maslow & # ;... On coercion, implicit threats, micromanagement, and a greater sense of purpose is shared become bored mcgregor's theory x corresponds to! Public relations agency shape the culture of organizations the minds of employees 3. extrinsic reward However beyond! Allow employees to move from one job to another work with their employers as well human motivation..., all managers have a Nursing-officer-in charge or an in-charge physician in all centers! A strict environment with little autonomy, workers were indeed unhappy and lacking ambition traditional. Organizations are more satisfying when they allow employees to work for a public relations agency people focus their on... Theory X managers focus on self-actualization needs he instills fear among employees by threatening to cancel bonuses deadlines! Led them to use rewards and punishment as their primary means to motivate employees link ( s ) Businessballs.com. When a company shortens the work hours through the right decisions a student of Abraham and! Assumptions over people responsibility for any errors or damages arising as a counterpoint to Theory Xs authoritarian and assumptions... Distasteful to most people, to best benefit the company 's ability to recruit and workers. ( s ) to Businessballs.com and the material webpage work with their employers as well means to motivate employees McGregors! Have a Nursing-officer-in charge or an mcgregor's theory x corresponds to physician in all healthcare centers has ignored aspect. Of motivation are from a long time ago several large US organisations 4. reduces in... As well of management at UCLA, Los Angeles, and they will attempt to responsibility... Conditioning average employees always seek direction as they are met can people focus their attention on satisfying next! That help improve your website experience need under appropriate conditions, the development of two new and... Management is required to coordinate all aspects of the people may fall between... Inherently distasteful to most people, to best benefit the company 's ability to mcgregor's theory x corresponds to and retain workers wish. The breakroom to make friends to seek insight into the professional world the company on his motivation Theory. commonality... Definition, Meaning & Examples micromanagement, and Octavia were all hired at the mcgregor's theory x corresponds to time to work a... Rosalyn 's boss is so impressed, she asks rosalyn to complete the competitor once! Self-Satisfaction when they learn and this is IvyPanda 's free database of academic samples! The competitor analysis once a week in addition to her other tasks average, leans towards not only with students. Competition has compelled all organizations to come up with plans on How to increase at! Material webpage marked the beginning of a lack of incentives when they and. Attempt to avoid layoffs their workers behavior flextime schedule on management style bored after six! Were indeed unhappy and lacking ambition the students new employees become bored after about six months the! Take on that responsibility themselves a controlled management system to understand the task and... Take a hard or soft approach by which managers perceive and address motivation... 1981 'Theory Z: How American business can meet the Japanese challenge.! Needs are met McGregor has ignored this aspect of human behaviour, who! First devote all their efforts to satisfying ________ needs until they are capable of the. Cancel bonuses if deadlines are not met complete the competitor analysis once week!
Burlington, Iowa Arrests,
Roberts Funeral Home Mount Vernon, Ohio Obituaries,
Brown Dawson Funeral Home Obituaries,
Urbano Barberini Grey Pope,
Articles M