We know the fear of being left out. He sat in the second row. Retrieved from https . Since the devastating events of the Second World War, many people have often asked, with hindsight, how could people have been so blind to the truth?. That is the real meaning behind the banality of evil: when people find rational excuses for atrocities. The tears that fell when they realised they had been so easily deceived were real, and it was a lesson that they didnt forget, as documented in Lesson Plan. While the class sat in stern silence I began to talk lecture sermonize about the value of community. Any% nazi speedrun. It shows why the people were able to pretend and why they followed him right now i am learning about the holocaust and reading this made me understand why they followed him they followed him to feel like they fit in or were needed what that teacher did was a good way to teach his kids. Students showed increased academic skill and motivation. We talked and laughed about the Third Wave for the next few hours. Strength through pride A societal instinct we hide within our franchise restaurants and T.V. These American students did not believe that they would have been so easily tricked, and their teacher set out to prove them wrong. Class expanded from its initial 30 students to a total of 43. Following the analyses of Israeli-German historian, Yaacov Lozowick, two British professors, Alex Haslam and Steve Reicher, have studied the experiments of Stanley Milgram and Philip Zimbardo. The tension and anticipation was beyond belief. We knew that it was interesting learning about different political systems, but not something we would ever emulate. The room sweat and smelt like a locker room. In a high school in Palo Alto, a relatively bourgeois suburb of San Francisco, in Ron Joness history class in 1967, the young students were studying Nazi Germany, when Jones noticed that the students struggled to believe how ordinary people, like the constituents of Hitler Youth, could have allowed tyranny to reign over their country. Every word seemed to be taken and absorbed. With everyone sitting at attention I slowly raised my arm and with a cupped hand I saluted. On Monday, I introduced my sophomore history students to one of the experiences that characterized Nazi Germany. I talked about pride. The same can often be said in the natural sciences. One-third of participants refused to do it, while another two-thirds complied, with a great deal of trauma done to them-and the rats. He followed me every- where. They discovered that the usually accepted conclusions of these experiments are in fact far from what they should be. Yes, we would all have made good Germans. I began to talk. It would not be possible to analyse such experiments without comparing them alongside one another since it takes a comparative study to come up with trustworthy explanations in the social sciences. I demanded that they leave the room. It affected everyone. I just kept talking. Ron Jones was a teacher at Cuubberly High School. A German documentary entitled The Invisible Line (Die Geschichte der Welle) debuted on television on December 19, 2019. Following minutes of progressive drill assignments the class could move from standing positions outside the room to attention sitting positions at their desks without making a sound. They had indeed fallen for the trap. "There is no leader! A little boy who lost his penis due to malpractice was given a sex change, so that he could live a normal life. The Third Wave Is a nationwide program to find students who are willing to fight for political change in this country. The ultimate triumph. No. ", "You thought that you were the elect. Jones, please?" I reminded students of what it felt like being in classes where competition caused pain and degradation. . I will remain an ageless benchmark in his life. Not a single student elected to leave the room. Whereas others jumped in, they held back, watching. It also helps us understand further how the Holocaust could have happened. That you were better than those outside this room. Explained from the beginning, how Ron Jones (the experimenter) came up with the idea of conducting a social ex. No. I was only doing my job. 2019 Netflix Germany Miniseries . I called his wife and with the help of a neighbor walked him home. I didn't know the answer. The next day, the students assembled in a lecture room at midday. The deductions taken from such experiments are strong when they are seen alongside natural experiments, where the events have already occurred in history and have already provided a significant and real basis for the analysis of society. PS I'd LOVE to hear voices of his former students in general and from his class that he described in specific. To give validity to the seriousness of my words I turned to the three women in the class whom I knew had questioned the Third Wave. It's easier being a teacher. For example, the theory that appeared after the Milgram experiment was that ordinary, good people, professionals and students alike would obey authority to the point that it could kill someone (up to 450V of electrical currentfar beyond that which can be sustained by a human being). The salute was give. Some subjects didnt need all four prompts, but the great majority of them did. I notice that he never mentioned our class because we were smart enough to know that it was all about showing us different political systems. Jones emphasized this main point of the movement . Lesson Plan, which retold the story of the Third Wave through interviews with the original students and teacher, debuted at the Mill Valley Film Festival in 2010. Students were cutting class to participate and the school counselors were beginning to question every student in the class. I worried for myself. When accosted by an English teacher for being a student in the "teachers' room" her just smiled and informed the faculty member that he wasn't a student. To allow students the experience of direct action I gave each individual a specific verbal assignment. Certain students had started a type of Gestapo and would tell on all those who were breaking the rules, mixing with students from other classes or criticising the movement. Milgram conducted his experiment in 1963, four years before The Third Wave Experiment in Palo Alto. Like awakening from a dream and deep sleep, the entire room of people took one last look back into their consciousness. The experiment had now taken on a life of its own. It was equally disconcerting to realize that complex and time consuming written homework assignments on German life were being completed and even enlarged on by students. The advertiser identified his product as the Third Wave. Rather than a televised address of their leader, the students were presented with an empty channel. You're walking down the street, eating at a secluded restaurant, or buying some underwear when all of a sudden an ex-student pops up to say hello. We carry it like a disease. Answers *tarted to stretch out as students usually hesitant to speak found support for their effort. I explained how discipline and community were meaningless without action. It was as if everyone wanted to dissect the moment, figure out what had happened. They were something special. With Ron Jones, Philip Zimbardo, Scott Thomson, Sherry Tousley. Asch found that people were willing to ignore reality and give an incorrect answer in order to conform to the rest of the group. The plea of ignorance. Performance in academic skill areas was significantly improving. "Should we wear white shirts?" No one moved. "There can't you breath more easily? "We can do it!" It must be coming on. The machine came to life producing a luminous field of phosphorus light. He seemed delighted and told me not to worry. Jones announced to the class that this movement was a part of a nationwide movement and that on the next day a presidential candidate of the Third Wave would announce its existence to the public. I found myself sliding into the role even when it wasn't necessary. The advertisement proclaimed in big red, white and blue letters, "The Third Wave is coming." I am Mr. Jones. They are lost. The wave has good effects on the students. The room stayed dark as the final footage of film flapped against the projector. You are a selected group of young people chosen to help in this cause. For years I kept a strange secret. Was the desire for discipline and uniformity a natural need? You bargained your freedom for the comfort of discipline and superiority. Don't you feel better.". To avoid the Hawthorne effect, Milgram told the volunteers that the subject was, in fact, the learner behind the screen, and not themselves. Therefore, it becomes necessary in some cases to manipulate and monopolise peoples confidence. "The Third Wave presents inside look at Fascism". The trial was over. The third wave, 1967: an account - Ron Jones. This activity we have been doing has been practice for the real thing. I now began to ponder not just how far this class could be pushed but how such I would change my basic beliefs toward an open classroom and self directed learning. Students were rewarded for making an effort at answering or asking questions. They included . [9] Jones then assigned each of his students an individual assignment, such as designing a Third Wave banner, stopping non-members from entering the class, or recruiting their friends to join the movement. My job. [1] He ordered class members to salute each other both in and outside of the class. We did noise drills in which talking was allowed only to be shown as a detraction. 2008 German Movie "Die Welle". Third Wave banners hung like clouds over the assembly. The Aversion Project (1970s and 80s). Students from across the school joined in. Being a follower. Eyes strained and pulled at the light but the pattern didn't change. To grab quick solution. I decided to push the tolerance of the class for regimented action. Hold them tight. There was much more to see and try to understand. The intensity of the response became more important than the content. On the third day, Jones began to worry that things were going too far. His students where attached to the order. For a brief moment it all rushed back. Some of these ethically questionable experiments include the Monster Study, the Third Wave Disaster, Landis' Facial Expressions Experiment, the case of Tony LaMadrid, and the case of David Reimer. I waited for several minutes to let everyone catch up. I was shocked! O my Gosh, I thought this story was amazing. In this case it was Steve running down the street shouting "Mr. Jones, Mr. Discipline. In the study, an . He was surprised when around twenty of the students made such reports. It's one of those occasions experienced by teachers when they least expect. If Ron Jones was in fact terminated from the school, it is clearly because humanity is afraid to let go and see what is possible. The students had become more and more involved in the project. In fact I was surprised to find the ideas on discipline enacted at all. Hand raised upward in a shape of a curling wave. did not have this sense of ambivalence of what the hell we are doing here that promotes reflection and inquiry. He calls me Mr. Jones. That's just what Robert did. Some swirled back to momentarily hold Robert and me. So are you saying that what Ron says happened in the other class didn't really happen? It's far more important than that. During the days of the experiment I was curious how they would respond to the equalitarian and physical reshaping of the class. He handed in elaborate weekly reports copied word for word from the reference books in the library. In the documentary, Lesson Plan, created by one of Joness former students in 2011, one interviewee said that students felt left out if they werent members, that everyone wanted to be involved. At this point students stood without prompting and began to give what amounted to testimonials. Jones based the name of his movement on the supposed fact that the third in a series of waves is the strongest. Instead of allowing them to call him Ron as usual, he insisted that they started to refer to him either as Mr Jones or as Sir. Now that I look back, they appeared much like the child with so called learning disability. 2010 Third Wave Documentary Film "Lesson Plan". Both options were unworkable. "This is the final lesson to be experienced. And there is something else. Then it was time to part. Someone stood up and shouted. He smiled (I don't think I had ever seen him smile) and announced, "Mr. Jones I'm your bodyguard. Here I was enacting an authoritarian learning environment and it seemed very productive. Within days, they had a motto, flag, salute, and began to view themselves as an exclusive, elite group. It's strange, you most a past student In these chance ways, You catch a few moments of your life. The first day, the students acted almost as if it were a game and obeyed the commands of their teacher who they already trusted and respected. In the split second of my race back in time Steve sensed my questioning and backed up. A blank field of white. Jones intended only a one-day experiment.[9]. Community is that bond between individuals who work and struggle together. "There isn't any leader is there?" Or he is exaggerating, or what? Pride Is something no one can take from you. Given that assurance and smile I couldn't say no. The world misinterpreted her idea of the banality of evil; many believed that the phrase meant that within each of us there is evil and that the Nazi criminals were ordinary people simply following orders. Still the viewers persisted. I want you to remember and be able to recite by tomorrow the name and address of every Third Wave Member. "Before turning on the national press conference, which begins in five minutes, I want to demonstrate to the press the extent of our training." This rally is for members only.". The student was, in fact, an actor behind a screen in a different room, who would plead and let out cries of pain as the fictional volts increased. The students chanted their slogan in anticipation. The mystique of thirty individuals doing this strange gyration soon brought more attention to the class and its experiment into the German personality. We have seen that fascism is not just something those other people did. It was something we all wanted to forget. In focus drills I concentrated attention on the feet being parallel and flat, ankles locked, knees bent at ninety degree angles, hands flat and crossed against the back, spine straight, chin down, head forward. Be meaningful. A report of the proceedings by George Williams, delegate of the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World). Everything rests with you and your willingness to take a stand.". This kind of lie has been criticised for being inherently unethical but is, in fact, the only way in which . Ron tried to show his students what it would be like living in a totalitarian environment. Below this I wrote a second law, "STRENGTH THROUGH COMMUNITY.". Lesson Plan: Directed by David Jeffery, Philip Carr Neel. Hannah Arendt wrote of the banality of evil, but she was for so long misunderstood and the Third Wave Experiment can help to explain that what she meant was not that evil is in itself banal, or that it can be found in all of us, but that people are more likely to assume the best when they are rightly afraid of the worst. The Third Wave had ended. 10. You are assigned the problem of training and convincing at least twenty children in the adjacent elementary school that our sitting posture is necessary for better learning. Every person focusing on the T.V. It helped me approach them in a deliberate way. "The first few days, the Third Wave was a game. The project was adapted into an American film, The Wave, in 1981, and a critically acclaimed German film, Die Welle, in 2008. The reproduction of a tyrannical atmosphere was successful, even if it is not strictly possible to reproduce specifically all the conditions required within a historical setting. How Witch-Hunts From the Left are Handing Victory to the Religious-Right, Charlie Hebdo and Free Speech Youre Either With Us or Against Us, The Destructiveness of the White Fragility Phenomenon, Why Neuralinks Pigs Are Hogging the Limelight, Reexamining the Third Wave Experiment and the 'Banality of Evil', On the Radical Feminist Colonisation of Prostitution Discourse, 7 Extraordinary Things The Ancient Greeks Gave Us. Jones." It was also the genesis of a secret that I and two hundred students would sadly share for the rest of our lives. Like the Germans, you will have trouble admitting to yourself that you come this far. The Nazis also hid many of their crimes from their own people, named themselves national socialists (when they were, in fact, not socialist but fascist) and managed to abolish unemployment (food was nevertheless lacking across the country, much like in Stalins Ukraine). it was a good question. Our principal came into an afternoon faculty meeting and gave me the Third Wave salute. Take this story with a considerable grain of salt. Hey Felton, many thanks for your comments! Thanks, Eugene You are responsible for stopping any student that is not a Third Wave member from entering this room. What was he lying about, in your view? If we can change the way that school is run, we can change the way that factories, stores, universities and all the other institutions are run. As Jones (1979, pp. All of the questions probed at imaginary situations and sought to discover the meaning of this event. Indeed, people of all nations and races . If I remember the question. Apparently not all psychologists were fully convinced about the complete failure of the Milgram experiment, as a study on an . That's what I did. Third Wave Experiment. Steve will continue to grow and change. I'm very upset over Robert! Oh, we talked and studied our actions intently. The Third Wave Experiment took place over five school days. The roar of the Nuremberg Rally blasted into vision. In telling their parents of the experiment they set up a brief chain of events. No psychological effects were reported, and his students even respected and revered him yet more for his unusual lessonhence the documentary was made by two former classmates. At twelve o'clock sharp I closed the room and placed guards at each door. The deed was concluded. Something in all of us. Two comrades had met long after the war. For a week in the middle of a school year we had shared fully in life. They demanded strict obedience of the rules from other students and bullied those that took the experiment lightly. A belief that demands a strong leader and discipline to preserve social order. Does This Put The Transgender Debate to Rest? To be right. Oh I was benevolent. Jones?" Immediately the students realised what had happened and some later attested to the fact that they cried. It was rewarding to see their satisfaction and excitement to do more. I said chocolate chip of course. Nothing. And as predicted we also shared a deep secret. A new member had only to be recommended by an existing member and issued a card by me. Everyone was capable and equal. If I stopped the experiment a great number of students would be left hanging. It was easy. In 1967, teacher Ron Jones conducted a social experiment with unexpected results. Controversial and unorthodox as the Third Wave Experiment might be, there is a lot we can take from social experiments such as these, especially amidst the disaster and upheaval we have witnessed so far in 2020. What does he do now (or after he was fired)? He said that he invented the term "The Third Wave" and the salute for it. set I had in the front of the room. By the end of the day the movement had over 200 participants. And profound revelation. "Can we bring friends?" He will explain all the things that he was able to manipulate the kids into doing which seems like would've taken weeks or months and claim it only took one day. While the class sat at attention I gave each person a card. Strength through discipline It's taken three years. Others cried openly and then brushed away tears to carry on. [9], Jones decided to terminate the movement, as it was slipping out of his control. These and other controversial experiments led . But no. I shared this silence with two hundred students. it's right here. ", "It's all set for tomorrow. Conclusions made by contemporary political scientists and sociologists reflect the experiences of the subjects of the Third Wave Experiment and make connections between those experiences and witness statements in history. I'm afraid something will happen to you. And they seemed to want more. Do you remember the question? To conclude, the Third Wave Experiment may have been unorthodox, but the Third Wave Experiment produced several insights and conclusions into the nature and mechanism of tyranny. It was a full page color advertisement in the current issue of Time for some lumber products. He then led them in shouting chants of "Strength through Discipline! As I spent more time playing the role I had less time to remember its rational origins and purpose. I hadn't planned such intensity or compliance. In staccato words he pleaded that I understand and help him get home. Ordinary people will rationalise rather than be rational when they are in a threatening or difficult situation, in order to excuse themselves for being part of something that they fundamentally disagree with. Mr. Jones used his own students to test out his theory, that the desire for order and discipline was the key to manipulating a body of people to act a certain way. They waited. Many students were over the line. In the still darkened room I began the explanation. The Librarian thanked me for the 30' banner on learning which she placed above the library entrance. "Oh my gosh," he gasped. It quickly illuminated a white drop cloth hanging behind the television. "Listen closely, I have something important to tell you." The priority over strict ethical considerations is an interesting and important one since subjects act much differently when they are conscious of being observed. Robert was crying. We just stood there exchanging smiles when without a conscious command I raised my hand in curved position. Across the country teachers like myself have been recruiting and training a youth brigade capable of showing the nation a better society through discipline, community. Our class was called Tech Prep(senior class) and it had only 13 boys in the class. They would take the ridicule from the brighter students that participated in a measured and cautious way. After 5 days students were informed it was an experiment on how NAZIsm spread. The only reason I came to know Robert at all is that I found him eating lunch in my classroom. Of believing so thoroughly in yourself and your community or family that you will do anything to preserve, protect and extend that being. A television screen placed at the front of the room showed nothing but snow. The Milgram experiment was a famous and controversial study that explored the effects of authority on obedience. History teacher Ron Jones was struggling to explain to his students how large groups of people often followed the crowd, even when historically terrible things were happening. Jones decided to continue the experiment after observing his students' strict adherence to the previous day's rules. The only thing that allowed them all to fit was the enforced discipline of sitting in silence at attention. We spent hours later talking about what he felt and did, but from that moment on Thursday morning I was more concerned with what might be happening at school. How could this be? Although . In just one week in an ordinary American school, he managed to build Nazism. He was polite and condescending. Every fibre strained to perform the deed. A general assembly was organised for 12 pm the next day to watch the televised speech of their leader. For other uses, see, Last edited on 15 February 2023, at 16:27, reliable, independent, third-party sources, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Human experimentation in the United States, "Palo Alto student social experiment goes terribly wrong in 'Invisible Line', "This Classroom Experiment Explains How Hitler Rose to Power & No One Protested", "Anthea Lipsett meets the teacher who carried out a terrifying experiment in fascism in the 1960s", "The Catamount: "Society is Sterile" -- R. Jones", "Experiment in Fascism at an American High School: The Lesson Plan @ The Newport Beach Film Festival", "In 'The Wave,' ex-teacher Ron Jones looks back", "Netflix's 'We Are the Wave' Is Inspired By an Infamous '60s High School Experiment on Nazi Germany", "Nazis fr fnf Tage" ("Nazis for five days"), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Third_Wave_(experiment)&oldid=1139531317. How could the German soldier, teacher, railroad conductor, nurse. In slow methodic tone I explained what was behind the Third Wave. Don't talk to anyone about this. From Ron's description it is clear to me that his students (many? I began to think of myself as a part of the experiment. Haslam and Reicher make a different point, with a better understanding of the specificity of social experimentation. This article is about the social experiment. By strange coincidence I think it was Steve who started the Third Ways with a question. As the class period was ending and without forethought I created a class salute. Let me show you your future. Evidently, experimentation in the social sciences is different. You have been used. They were asked to read out questions to a student and whenever the student got a question wrong, the subjects were ordered to electrocute the student, increasing the force of the current gradually the more questions that they got wrong. I marked three of the cards with a red X and informed the recipients that they had a special assignment to report any students not complying to class rules. The rabbi became a part of the experiment In remaining ignorant of the oppression in the experiment he became an accomplice and advocate. What the new analysis revealed is that every single subject who was given the final prompt you have no choice but to continue immediately refused to continue. Embellished or not, this information is in-valuable and clearly possible. He was holding on to me and shaking. While debating whether to stop or go on with the experiment I talked on and on about community. It was one of the most interesting classes I have ever had. The high school was well known for its progressive philosophy, but the parents and some of Joness colleagues were angry with the experiment because the students were young and impressionable. This would be a rally for Third Wave Members only. The German Nazi era was no different, The Nazi's felt they where now a part of something, where every one "in" where equal. Be in the small auditorium ten minutes before 12:00. New people were speaking. The subjects were told that they were taking part in a rare experiment studying education. Eventually, Jones entered via the back of the room and walked to the front. Jones began subtly to demonstrate how the population of Nazi Germany were manipulated into submission; it was a history lesson. You can't admit to being manipulated. Leler, Robin and Sakuma, Bernice. "Mr. Jones, why don't you teach like this all the time." Now the students do their homework to be able to answer Ben Ross questions. Based on his account, he did not question his students' experiences and reflections by careful listening to them and providing them with sensitive guidance. The balance between role playing and directed behavior became indistinguishable. The television won. It was a wild gamble. Moving toward the door and the world outside. Students had, of their own accord, assigned themselves as guards, and even fought for The Third Wave in the corridors. 509-10) told his students in the . We worked on this simple act for the entire class period. Taken to an extreme we have seen and perhaps felt what these actions will lead to. Since we had a salute I made it a rule to salute all class members outside the classroom. I feel entirely compelled to say that any one that takes this as an offensive measure is possibly hiding something them self. I was tearing apart. I don't know maybe he just imbelished a little or something. Jones told his students of the true nature of the movement as an experiment in fascism, and presented to them a short film discussing the actions of Nazi Germany.[9]. We practiced this new attention position over and over. Robert was big for his age and displayed very few academic skills. It's a secret I shall share with you.". Be ready to display the discipline, community, and pride you have learned. In this the third day of activity there were forty-three students in the class. Such disaster and upheaval have led many social theorists to discuss and analyse our society and the system by which we are controlled and by which the powers that be reign over us, despite our struggles and protests. We would have put on the uniform. For years after the second world war, when the world had time to reflect, we had taken the conclusions of these experiments and the words of Arendt to conclude that evil, in itself, is banal, and can be found in the most ordinary of upstanding citizens. He ordered students to attend a noon rally on Friday to witness the announcement. It would be too painful and demeaning for Robert and the students like him to be twisted back into a seat and told it's just a game. Jones added "Strength Through Action" to the chalkboard. 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Cried openly and then brushed away tears to carry on the experiences that characterized Nazi Germany the light but pattern... And degradation a great deal of trauma done to them-and the rats now or!