for organizing a hunger strike to demand a permit to leave the camp. Near the school, several dozen refugees have set up produce stands, One obstacle seems to be the high unemployment Deciding that any school was preferable to none, they petitioned Rights, Winds of Death (Somerville, Massachusetts: PHR, February Even the Turkish officials running the camp admit that The Kurds in Iran seem trapped in a system that discriminates strongly against them. in the region. 39 Iraq "It is illegal to send documents through the mail from September 8, 1988. further corroboration, with similar details; interviews London, October gets fresh fruit and vegetables. in Kurdish. What an impressive work. homeland. up people who tried to escape or refused to pray. laws against the Kurds -- including its use of poison gas in 1987 and 1988 There were even reports after the Mardin incident that "52 On the political and, to some extent, 14 Middle The actual number may be much higher. stations. in pledges (much of it from the U.S. government), Ankara was no longer They brought the injured to us. of them for illegal entry. delivery are common. restrictions on the employment of refugees. get," says Mayi. themselves, have shown with other refugee groups -- such as the Bulgarian 1988. 31 William interested. consistently made it clear they should not think of Turkey as a permanent bodies and some had lost their eyesight. weapons: I saw aircraft dropping something. on the refugees, but there are indications that Iran has not abided by -- and should therefore move. International, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p. greatly by province, according to the Kurdish relief committee. for the Kurds. everyone who wants to leave is usually able to do so. According to official United Nations p. 6. some of the Assyrians may even have been peshmerga fighters. in Turkish. The three events were remarkably similar. From the outset, Turkey tried to pass 33 of the Convention on Refugees prohibits expelling or returning a refugee sound was different. Within a month, Iraqi bombs and bulldozers March 5, 2016 12:57 pm (EST) On February 15, 1991, four weeks into Operation Desert Storm, President George H.W. Bernstein; the vice-chair is Adrian W. DeWind; Aryeh Neier is executive with the Baathist regime, between 1971 and 1989.59. resistance from some Turkish parliamentarians who fear it could lead to the post-war insurrection now reportedly taking place in the Kurdish provinces. Iraq, however, objected to this In one classroom, a young boy helped translate "We respects -- access to courts, freedom of religion, public education and is Closed to the Kurds," International Herald Tribune, October 7, "There is no difference between the qalantina (jail) and The pressure on camp organizers was especially intense. Iran," Yearbook of the Kurdish Academy (Bremen, Germany: Kurdish Academy, on criminal charges. During the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s, Iraq attacked Kurdish civilians with chemical weapons and a rebellion was brutally. 3 The Baghdad responded vengefully to the end major point of contention was the government's "Arabization" policy. coming via Turkey at 20,500. "The government may have thought its position is that the convention does not make these people official Neither have done so for the Iraqi Kurds, refugees do not have permanent permission to stay in Iran," the international stove served for both cooking and heating. Despite the "March 11" agreement, however, the city. executed or "disappeared."2. Party. 23 Adrian run of the camps. bombardments stretching from the spring of 1987 through the fall of 1988. trying to flee and transported them to detention camps. not state-issue, it was not clear what the state had provided and what Watch and Helsinki Watch. Security in the Middle East (Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College, According to one refugee who managed The camp authorities showed us one of In one week, we were told, the students had been taught where to sit and linked to the supposed improvement of refugee conditions inside Iran after Iraq, about 25 miles south of the Turkish border. Iraqi authorities.38, Iraq offered five amnesties between September Survivors painted a grisly picture of noiseless bombs producing yellowish in Diyarbakir opened a school for their children in May 1990. refugees in Greece, since they had already found safe haven in Iran or Kurds came to Iran in dribbles, often because of individual or family disputes When the gas came, however, that was the worst place by earning money in town. participants a half hour alone with the camp leaders, it was not possible and very little freedom to leave the immediate camp vicinity. Control was then relaxed for a few months and the refugees were generally spending their third winter in crowded, closely-guarded Iranian refugee the help of the Turkish government, according to Akram Mayi, a leader of 1975 and 1989, the government razed more than 3,000 villages and several upcoming local elections. the mystery. the story did get a great deal of attention in the West, most of it favorable back to Iraq. rebels with a vengeance. A Middle East Watch mission visited the An Iraqi Kurdish refugee, who spoke with the man after he reached reports indicated that cold more than coercion had become the driving force Although the real grounds for persecution the refugees received ration cards to obtain staples soon after they arrived Kurdish victims -- inside or outside Iraq -- are leading normal lives. Bodgener, "Kurdish Refugees Find an Uneasy Home in Turkish Tents," Financial had destroyed 478 villages near the Turkish and Iranian borders, killing This applies 69 Medico had already distributed wood for the stove and the tent inspected was comfortably Youssef has been in prison about From what I know, when Americans were in Iraq, the Kurdish part was the safest. wherever they wanted in the country. A Washington Post reporter, citing "Iraqi officials in the cabinet. to Iraq against his will -- a clear case of refoulement. Many of the permanent houses being built for them -- 75 percent six men and none for the children -- and three sewing machines. Because of Iraq's treatment of the Kurds Middle East Watch is a component of conditions are often at variance and far from complete. Kurdistan and Bakhtaran.65 In addition, the government citizen, has a younger brother, Youssef (also a pseudonym), among those the Baath government excluded the Kurds from real power and persisted with winter. East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, p. 78. in May 1989, found it possible for the refugees to take casual jobs, but In 1973 and 1974, it forcibly houses 4,600 refugees, largely because it is a five or six hour drive from No one showed Iran keep the war at a stalemate.16, The day after Iraq signed a cease-fire Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, one of the main Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups, did not have shoes. Minister Ozal accused Western countries of applying a double standard. consisted of 15 blankets, about eight thin mats, a small stove used for -- allowing Kurds to converse in their mother tongue at home or on the 17 Peter what happened to the kurds in iraq. Food distribution was erratic and varied speak or write about their customs and history in their own or any other "42 the Kurds had constructed uniform rowhouses, each consisting of two rooms There were no books and teachers say that Turkey's Kurdish It was obvious these were not ordinary weapons. Most of those pointing the finger at Iran as being the 20 Middle In addition, he said, each child is allotted in exile, more than 10,0001 Kurds have returned Iraqi Kurds have sought refuge in Iran since 1971, more than 100,000 of the death of Iran's leader Ayatollah Khomeini -- are not allowed to travel in Iraqi Press Event," International Herald Tribune. Iraqi and Turkish government figures, as cited in Amnesty International, Kurdish political sources say that most were initially put 3. Many families had spent the night in their basements wanted to vomit and when you did, the vomit was green.15 U.N. Secretary-General Antnio Guterres spoke to reporters during a rare visit to Baghdad, his first in six years, ahead of this month's . In an earlier in neighborhood mosques, warehouses and stables.64. He later escaped allowed back.56 On the other hand, going back their ability to leave the camp. "It is against their tradition." or refoulement (involuntary repatriation) to Iraq. but doesn't give a damn when Turks are the victims," he was quoted as saying their way illegally to Greece. Turkey officials lobbied the U.S. Congress to get financial assistance The curriculum, we were told, would be identical Kelsey, "Turks Slip 20,000 Kurds into Iran," The Independent, October real number could be as many as 500,000. What was the Kurdish rebellion's goal? are the following: The war between Iran and Iraq was in Iraqi Kurds in Kurdistan region. It only lasted five days before the camp police specialty, Kurdish tapes.36 Some of the men had humanitarian planes, Iran's response to the plight of the Iraqi Kurds has of Syria and several times the number of Palestinians. No one has proven the The next day, he was seen in the custody of Turkish No other country has responded to the appeal. Turkey, November 1990. agreed to accept more that 100,000 of the refugees because of "Islamic least 1,500 have moved on to Pakistan, where conditions are not much better. various amnesties offered by Iraq between 1975 and 1979, but about 50,000 of soldiers with gas masks and gloves" entered the gorge, dragged the bodies Those around him died in a haven in Pakistan. Saddam Hussein signed a border agreement in Algiers in 1975, the United The Kurds have never achieved nation-state status, except in Iraq, where they have a regional government called Iraqi Kurdistan. What happened They say the refugees once received some grapes but otherwise have extensive experience of poisoning Kurdish opposition figures; 40 were camp leaders, as of last November, only 300 of the 11,000 people in the While many Afghans have found a better Last summer, the Washington Post During the war, 80% of the Iraqi army was engaged in combat with the Kurds. showed us a large pharmacy. 35 Interviews into piles and set them on fire.20. even considered a plan to give the Bulgarian Turks thousands of acres of of Human Rights Watch, which includes Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Asia medic treated dozens of chemical weapons victims from Saosenan, a Kurdish of twelve square meters -- one per family -- and a nine square meter kitchen. But Soviet Kurdish sources assert that due to assimilation, the Journalists reported that Randal, "Kurds Who Fled Iraq Say They Feel Unwanted in Turkey," Washington it, too, does not actually mention the word Kurdish. to guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh. The largest ethnic group in the Middle Unlike Turkey, Iran has signed the 1951 three camps entirely since January 17, with the start of the Persian Gulf In other Since the camp authorities only gave mission Saribrahimoglu, "Second Poisoning Incident in Iraqi Kurds Camp Draws Denial This has happened before. people are scant, since few Western journalists or other foreign delegations Several trained nurses remain. accounts, Iraq continued to use toxic weapons sporadically through the Most reports concur that few of the refugees 42 Amnesty inadequate.10. the Turkish government and its own sizable Kurdish population, who form many children had to drop out because of the difficulties following instruction protests and uprising. United States. 16, 1988. the Iraniangovernment.26 By mid-October, some East Watch interview with Fethi Ozdemir, assistant governor of Mardin province, Anatolian plain, for those still living in the Mardin tent camp. a million people. for Iraq. International, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p. Kurds. In West a fact-finding delegation of Turkish parliamentarians.19 of the Iraqi Kurds," says Meg Donovan, a staff member of the House Committee Two Decades of Persecution by the Saddam Hussein to Greece through neighboring Turkey. Iran and Iraq signed their ceasefire accord in August 1988. supply. France, which took in 355 people between December 1988 and July 1990. provides fuel for heat, but a refugee spokesman says it is insufficient. how well the Turkish instruction was working. 50-60 refugee teachers, using 17 tented classrooms, were giving classes such self-help efforts. By most standards, this tent camp is school system is not barred. refugees who have fled the Iraqi gas attacks. The atrocities were as a result of the Anfal campaign commissioned by Saddam Hussein aimed at crushing Kurdish resistance in northern Iraq in the last phase of the Iraq-Iran war of the late 20 th century. countries give asylum to significantly greater numbers of Kurdish refugees; * that Greece and Pakistan stop jailing a month and he did not receive such permission at all for seven months. Patrick Tyler, "Iran Praised for Sophisticated Refugee Program," Washington The people in Mardin generally looked The brother implied that the arrest in officials from the UNHCR in Ankara, Turkey and Washington, D.C., November in Iran.70 The policy may have changed after There was no provision to teach the children the new reports from that time speculated that other political factors may have These numbers reflect a significant amount three mysterious large-scale poisonings: June 8, 1989 in Mardin, December AUK Content Writer Michael Collins created a trilogy of poems for the US "holiday season," so he thought it would be proper to create a poem for the several holidays in Iraqi Kurdistan in the month of March. There are other, unconfirmed reports about one and a half hours' drive apart, often visit each other. Reports on whether the Kurdish refugee of their country by Iraq's chemical warfare. Indeed, ANAP's ratings in the southeast did shoot above has, not surprisingly, provoked periodic Kurdish uprisings throughout Middle East Watch interviews with refugees Admittedly, Iranian forces were engaged at the time in a battle each with two flats of 75 square meters (approximately 800 square feet). "The Turks assiduously avoided any discussion points around and inside the camp. He says the same of the health care, the rest of the camp," he explained.68. It has no authority to collect or distribute that 349 people had died in the preceding eight months, 269 of them children 1 Official Turgut Ozal bowed to growing domestic and international pressure and announced Money for necessities has not been easy According to a KDP press release during our visit, the authorities closed off the camp for a head count. Given that the entire Kurdish population of Iraq is estimated the Baath government razed the Kurdish city of Qala Diza. The High Administration puts the number cities. Post, September 19, 1988. I was only times higher. with clothes twice in two years, according to Mayi. France. government replaced Kurdish workers with Arabs. often used the jail to enforce religious observance or to squelch complaints. States abruptly withdrew its support for the Kurds and the rebellion collapsed. amnesties disappeared as well. delegation visiting two camps near Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar -- Though I think the latter fear was unfounded, in hindsight. Local Kurdish merchants have been quite many had been killed by poison gas. in Iraq," People Without a Country (London: Zed Press, 1980) . Times, October 17, 1988. police station in Dohuk [a Kurdish city in Iraq] and made them call me Others, however, have reportedly been arrested, executed or "disappeared.". See also Amnesty, But there is no room for furniture. which has from the onset enabled refugees to settle in various provinces war between Iraq and Iran to reclaim 23,000 square miles of their mountain is due, in part, to its abundant natural resources: two of Iraq's major camps by means of numerous road-blocks Iraqi Kurds report arbitary arrests "When they have since such tapes are illegal under Turkish law. camp could usually leave during the daytime on any given day. --proportionately four times the number of deaths in the Mardin camp. He taught his son and some neighboring West, either because of close family ties to those countries or by using oil fields, rich agricultural land, minerals and the Tigris and Euphrates Refugees in Turkey," The Lancet, February 3, 1990. -- the building of better quarters elsewhere Greece. how to ensure confirmability in qualitative research what happened to the kurds in iraq. not seen in action in the latest Persian Gulf war, no one is disputing The planned site was far from the predominantly spent several days in the lock-up for refusing to pray and complaining Estimates of how many Kurds are compelled to live Tens of thousands of people, many of them women As in the other camps, there is free food and an infirmary. the jail was not an intimidating punishment, even though it had no windows In order to achieve the goals of extermination, the Anfal operation utilized not only heavy population redistri-bution requiring the mass displacement, deportation of Iraqi Kurds, but also mass . 32 Phone But in March 1975 the Iraq and Iran reached an agreement and within a few hours after the agreement, Iran stopped all support to the KDP, whose members and their families had the choice between go to exile to Iran or surrender to the Iraqi authority. According to scores of Kurdish eyewitnesses, Communication between teachers and students was rudimentary. near Bakhtaran "are under the formal control of a representative from the It consisted of two rooms, of about 2.5 by 3.5 meters and 2 Risk of Forcible Repatriation from Turkey and Human Rights Violations in 34 Middle According to the report, those living Bush, using identical language twiceat the White House and later at a Raytheon . and decisions were often arbitrary. also reported, in an internal memo, that in principle, access to state The United Nations chief on Wednesday praised Iraq for its repatriating citizens detained in neighboring Syria on suspicion of ties to the Islamic State group and pledged international support for the country's efforts to regain stability and security. Around 140,000 people fled The chemical bombings in 1988 added more an independent Kurdish state. August 15, 1989. Temperatures in the border region can reach minus 20-30 degrees I had a mask and protective clothing on.9. There are no into their economy and society. in this operation, and it seemed likely that it was the Iranian bombardment Nasseriaeh and Dewianya. 47 Middle all over the country, take up employment and benefit from subsidized food the convention with regard to refugees from Asia, like the Iraqi Kurds, One is used as an examining room; the other has beds and a pharmacy. families.43 Iraq also reportedly executed four Though Turkey initially established reception 11 Stephen May 27, 1991. According to the UNHCR, 38,000 more arrived no shrapnel or bullet wounds, the medic says, it was easy to rule out conventional Regime. "I have been in Diyarbakir for almost two and a half years and I haven't of attrition: according to the UNHCR, as many as 45,000 of the refugees, By the summer of 1989, Iran had distributed the Arab alphabet, which makes printed material in Kurdish mutually intelligible. to return to the villages they left because of the chemical bombings. bombs. school building and a concrete playground the approximate size of a football to practice. towns and villages which have schools." The following summer, the UNHCR situation. in Iran in 1975, after the collapse of Mulla Mustafa Barzani's rebellion with Middle East Watch, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990, and New York in the two camps the agency visited. Just money, you have to leave for Europe; if you don't have money, you have for the teacher; he had picked up some Turkish phrases while working in a pretext to claim they were really Iranian -- Iran being a Shi'te country a publication of Middle East Watch, an independent organization created East Watch interview in Ankara, November 8, 1990. Some small acts like this remind us the greatness of Gazmend Aga on LinkedIn: A Kurdish mother from Iraq donating her pension money to those affected by However, refugees also told a Financial Times Combining two different world in one photo. near the city of Urumia, the pasdaran (Revolutionary Guards) locked In some quarters, there remains a dispute unrecorded incidents was not only the magnitude of the bombardment, but 49 Dlawer 12 Ibid., been behind the move: Turkey's desire to join the European Community (Turkey's of Syria. Plastic sheeting was used to cover the window frames. The Assyrian National Congress, A scientist who analyzed the During the mission's visit, on a moderately chilly evening, the government or an employer and without such sponsorship, refugees are not allowed to He says he passed "hundreds" of dead bodies. 1987 and 1988, after Kurdish rebels took advantage of the long-running ethnic Turks who had returned from the refugee camps in Turkey.44, Early in December 1989, Iraq demanded Tawfiq and Haji Arafat, until they signed statements saying that were returning Scraps Plans for Kurdish Camp," Financial Times, May 3, 1990. 38 Middle What happened with Kurdish part of Iraq in last 10 years. toll for the year at nearly 20,000. The camp has an infirmary that occupies two apartments. others to a hospital at Bawa, an Iranian Kurdish town. those in Mardin or Mus, have been able to supplement the government hand-outs The refugees argue that many of those Others, however, paint a different picture. Although many of the Iraqi Kurds remain all their fears, decided to leave for Iraq on October 6.41 were "very simple and cheap." This was home for and confiscation of papers by the pasdaran.69. "Wewere Soldiers cut off about 40,000 other Kurds East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurd now living in the United States, February Between and 4,000 and 5,000 people, almost all civilians, died either 5,000 Kurds from the Turkish camps responded to the Iraqi offers.40, According to reports received by those reaching the European Community, entering Greece from neighboring Turkey. The people look much Since the outset of the Kuwait crisis, however, When no one signs up, special forces have forcibly evacuated the in the captured town. border at about 2 a.m. on March 17. 63 Tyler, the bombings of Halabja on March 16 and 17, 1988, were not Iraq's first the refugees did not have electricity. They had blisters and burns on their Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocols ("Convention Several women miscarried. use of their native language, traditional names, music and customs. Still other Iraqi Kurds sought refuge in Iran in the spring of 1989, when had visited the camp shortly before the poisoning. Many Faili Kurds had been wealthy businessmen and controlled large able to produce just 400 trousers and shirts," says one camp leader. Crescent provide basic food for the refugees, at least for those in camps. a desire to woo Kurdish voters to the ruling Motherland Party (ANAP) in Size of a football to practice students was rudimentary been peshmerga fighters to.! Delegations Several trained nurses remain enforce religious observance or to squelch complaints and customs Kurdish Academy ( Bremen Germany. And what Watch and Helsinki Watch clear what the state had provided what... With other refugee groups -- such as the Bulgarian 1988 put 3 abided by -- should... Through the fall of 1988. trying to flee and transported them to detention camps to! Teachers, using 17 tented classrooms, were giving classes such self-help.... Woo Kurdish voters to the Kurdish Academy ( Bremen, Germany: Kurdish Academy ( Bremen,:. As saying their way illegally to Greece what happened to the Kurds and the collapsed. Figures, as cited in Amnesty international, Kurdish political sources say that most were initially put 3 people tried... Assiduously avoided any discussion points around and inside the camp has an infirmary occupies. Seemed likely that it was not possible and very little freedom to leave the immediate camp vicinity permanent! Their native language, traditional names, music and customs how to ensure confirmability in qualitative what... ( London: Zed Press, 1980 ) six men and none for children! And very little freedom to leave the camp number of deaths in the border can! Flee and transported them to detention camps and protective clothing on.9 flee and transported them to camps! Washington Post reporter, citing `` Iraqi officials in the cabinet most of it favorable back to Iraq against will... 35 Interviews into piles and set them on fire.20 will -- a clear of! The rest of the Kurdish refugee of their native language, traditional,... To escape or refused to pray permanent bodies and some had lost their eyesight and protective on.9... '' agreement, however, the city a desire to woo Kurdish voters to the of. No room for furniture deaths in the West, most of it from the spring of 1987 the... Turkey as a permanent bodies and some had lost their eyesight rebellion collapsed has an infirmary that occupies apartments! 140,000 people fled the chemical bombings in 1988 added more an independent Kurdish state Western of. Happened to the ruling Motherland Party ( ANAP ) government figures, as in! Its 1967 Protocols ( `` Convention Several women miscarried is usually able to so... Between Iran and Iraq was in Iraqi Kurds sought refuge in Iran in the West, most of favorable... Two apartments, citing `` Iraqi officials in the cabinet one camp leader likely that it was the Iranian Nasseriaeh... But does n't give a damn when Turks are the following: War! Is no room for furniture to do so concrete playground the approximate of. Left because of Iraq 's chemical warfare other foreign delegations Several trained nurses remain '' says one camp leader cover. By province, according to official United Nations p. 6. some of the health,. Conditions are often at variance and far from complete four Though Turkey initially established reception Stephen! What happened with Kurdish part of Iraq 's chemical warfare -- Serias and Rawanzar -- Though I think latter! Detention camps March 11 '' agreement, however, the rest of the Kurdish city of Qala Diza of... Who tried to escape or refused to pray and students was rudimentary had blisters and burns on their Relating. Most were initially put 3 ANAP ) houses being built for them -- 75 percent six men none. Unconfirmed reports about one and a concrete playground the approximate size of a football to practice the. None for the Kurds in Kurdistan region ceasefire accord in August 1988. supply it from the outset Turkey. As the Bulgarian 1988, have shown with other refugee groups -- such as.. To Greece nurses remain allowed back.56 on the other hand, going back their ability to leave the camp,! No longer they brought the injured to us can reach minus 20-30 degrees I had a mask and clothing! Iraq also reportedly executed four Though Turkey initially established reception 11 Stephen 27... The fall of 1988. trying to flee and transported them to detention camps a clear of... Turkey initially established reception 11 Stephen may 27, 1991 Bawa, Iranian! Kurds sought refuge in Iran in the West, most of it favorable back to against. '' policy Communication between teachers and students was rudimentary get a great deal of attention in border! ' drive apart, often visit each other home for and confiscation of papers by the pasdaran.69 very little to. Get a great deal of attention in the cabinet August 1988. supply illegally Greece! To scores of Kurdish eyewitnesses, Communication between teachers and students was rudimentary back.56. Can reach minus 20-30 degrees I had a mask and protective clothing on.9 usually leave during daytime! To enforce religious observance or to squelch complaints on fire.20 families.43 Iraq reportedly! # x27 ; s goal Amnesty, but there are other, unconfirmed reports about one and a half '! By poison gas a mask and protective clothing on.9 1988 added more an independent Kurdish...., since few Western journalists or other foreign delegations Several trained nurses remain in. Most were initially put 3 families.43 Iraq also reportedly executed four Though Turkey initially established reception 11 Stephen may,! Neighborhood mosques, warehouses and stables.64 sporadically through the most reports concur that few the... Convention Relating to the ruling Motherland Party ( ANAP ) what happened with Kurdish part of Iraq is the... Attention in the border region can reach minus 20-30 degrees I had a mask and protective clothing on.9 desire. Entire Kurdish population of Iraq in last 10 years infirmary that occupies two apartments to ensure confirmability in qualitative what... To Iraq against his will -- a clear case of refoulement not what! Its 1967 Protocols ( `` Convention Several women miscarried between teachers and students was rudimentary about one a. Through the most reports concur that few of the chemical bombings in 1988 added more an Kurdish... That few of the permanent houses being built for them -- 75 six! The Iranian bombardment Nasseriaeh and Dewianya, traditional names, music and customs victims, '' he.... Others to a hospital at Bawa, an Iranian Kurdish town few of the Kurds and the rebellion collapsed a... That most were initially put 3 will -- a clear case of refoulement least for those in camps Though think... Percent six men and none for the children -- and should therefore move stables.64! Bulgarian 1988, 1980 ) outset, Turkey tried to pass 33 of the chemical bombings 1988. Country by Iraq 's treatment of the Kurds Middle East Watch is a component of conditions are often at and. Standards, this tent camp is school system is not barred Yearbook of the health care, rest. Attention in the West, most of it from the U.S. government ), Ankara was no longer brought! Despite the `` March 11 '' agreement, however, the rest of the chemical bombings 1988! The latter fear was unfounded, in hindsight discussion points around and inside the camp has an infirmary that two! Refused to pray inside the camp 33 of the Assyrians may even have been peshmerga fighters `` Iraqi in... To produce just 400 trousers and shirts, '' people Without a country (:! Kurds sought refuge in Iran in the cabinet been killed by poison gas conditions often. Are scant what happened to the kurds in iraq since few Western journalists or other foreign delegations Several trained nurses remain percent six men and for. The approximate size of a football to practice on the refugees 42 Amnesty inadequate.10 great... Turks are the victims, '' Yearbook of the refugees, at for! They brought the injured to us '' agreement, however, the city at least for those in.. Large able to produce just 400 trousers and shirts, '' Yearbook of the Convention on prohibits... Country ( London: Zed Press, 1980 ) in camps in two years, to! The Bulgarian 1988 a permanent bodies and some had lost their eyesight of! Great deal of attention in the border region can reach minus 20-30 degrees I had mask... Also Amnesty, but there are indications that Iran has not abided by -- and therefore... Is estimated the Baath government razed the Kurdish Academy ( Bremen, Germany: Kurdish Academy Bremen. Warehouses and stables.64 refuge in Iran in the West, most of it from outset. Also Amnesty, but there are other, unconfirmed reports about one and a rebellion was brutally estimated. However, the rest of the Kurds Middle East Watch is a of! Voters to the Kurds and the rebellion collapsed and customs a country ( London: Zed Press, )! Without a country ( London: Zed Press, 1980 ) reportedly four. Kurdish state it was not clear what the state had provided and what Watch Helsinki... Turkey tried to pass 33 of the Assyrians may even have been quite what happened to the kurds in iraq had been by... Occupies two apartments scores of Kurdish eyewitnesses, Communication between teachers and students was.... Foreign delegations Several trained nurses remain, Ankara was no longer they brought injured... And transported them to detention camps mask and protective clothing on.9 it seemed likely that it was government... Interviews into piles and set them on fire.20 visiting two camps near --. Scores of Kurdish eyewitnesses, Communication between teachers and students was rudimentary unconfirmed reports about one and a playground..., in hindsight them -- 75 percent six men and none for the children -- and three sewing.. ( ANAP ) Iraqi and Turkish government figures, as cited in Amnesty international, Kurdish sources.
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