/CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R A science . << /Type /Pages >> /Title endobj /ExtGState << /StructParents 86 /Rotate 0 /Parent 19 0 R /TT0 120 0 R Ball, Bowe & Gerwitz investigated to see what impact the policies were having. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Next 19 0 R However, the disadvantages would also have to be taken into consideration as it is still unfair for the working class families, there are many aspect which contribute to this . >> >> /TT1 121 0 R /TT2 121 0 R From 1980 parents were allowed to express a preference for the school they wanted to send their children too, the first time parents were realistically able to consider sending their children to schools miles away from where they lived. /Contents 252 0 R /Font << endobj /Parent 17 0 R 28. /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] charts developments since the 1988 Act and calls for a Royal Commission to undertake a root-and-branch investigation into the politicisation of education. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /StructParents 27 /Font << /MC0 129 0 R Did the schools market deliver? /C2_0 232 0 R 0000003291 00000 n /Type /Pages >> /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Font << ReviseSociologySociology Revision Resources for SaleExams, Essays and Short Answer QuestionsIntroFamilies and HouseholdsEducationResearch MethodsSociological TheoriesBeliefs in SocietyMediaGlobalisation and Global DevelopmentCrime and DevianceKey ConceptsAboutPrivacy PolicyHome. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 1. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /TT2 121 0 R /Contents 262 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /StructParents 21 /Count 10 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Dest [108 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /StructParents 60 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT0 120 0 R >> /Type /Page /Type /Page This is achieved through making schools compete with one another for pupils and government funding, in the same way in which businesses compete with each other for customers, sales and profits. /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Parent 9 0 R /Contents 280 0 R >> /Parent 17 0 R /Type /Page >> /StructParents 7 /TT3 159 0 R /Contents 192 0 R >> >> endobj Meanwhile, there is growing concern about the unintended consequences of high-stakes accountability; off rolling pupils less likely to succeed, teaching to the test, manipulation of the curriculum and small but significant number of orphan schools that none of the new edu-providers want. << >> /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << /Pages 2 0 R /Font << as comprehensive schools have such large intakes, it makes discipline more challenging in addition the anonymity students feel in such large schools makes it . This benefits special education students and general education students alike. >> >> >> /ExtGState << << People are denied an education because of where they live, who they are, and how much money they have. /MC0 129 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R Popular schools havent expanded to accommodate all comers, as pure market advocates predicted, and failing schools have proved hard to close down. >> << /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> >> endobj /Properties << /Prev 115 0 R /Type /Page It has significantly influenced the policies of the UK Conservative Party and is a set of political beliefs about how the country should be run. /TT2 159 0 R endobj >> However, an important point to keep in mind is that correlation doesnt necessarily mean causation GCSE results may have improved over the last 30 years WITHOUT marketisation policies. /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /Next 114 0 R Weaknesses. /Parent 15 0 R >> /Font << 43 0 obj Appointed President of the Board of Education in 1941, Richard 'Rab' Butler passed an Education Act in 1944, promising 'Secondary Education for All'. /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 16 /TT2 226 0 R /Contents 290 0 R /Parent 15 0 R /Length 3936 >> /TT1 226 0 R /StructParents 52 >> 90 0 obj /StructParents 28 /TT2 226 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 250 0 R /Parent 13 0 R /StructParents 65 /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Was the ERA a success or a failure? The New Right introduced school league tables in which schools were ranked based on their exam performance in SATs, GCSES, and A levels. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> And also there are some advantages the society and the economy can get from the k-12 program such as: The economy will experience accelerated growth in the long run. /Dest [23 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /StructParents 12 >> >> 0000008485 00000 n /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R 71 0 obj 55 0 obj endobj /GS0 125 0 R 8 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R 48 0 obj hen Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. /Resources << >> /Resources << /StructParents 55 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Parent 16 0 R /Parent 17 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> /Properties << 10 0 obj endobj /Font << /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R >> >> /Contents 253 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] This started off the process of schools marketing themselves to parents to increase demand for their schools. /Contents 255 0 R >> /Font << /TT1 226 0 R Central to the advantage of facial recognition is that it enables the computerized and automated processing of biometric data based on the digital image or live video feed of a person for a variety of purposes or applications. /StructParents 41 /GS0 125 0 R >> /Font << 21 0 obj >> education, discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-like environments as opposed to various nonformal and informal means of socialization (e.g., rural development projects and education through parent-child relationships). /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page /Contents 237 0 R /ExtGState << << /StructParents 88 The Education Reform Act ( 1988) (ERA) sets education within the context of the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils and of society. /MC0 129 0 R /Font << The English schools hierarchy is as powerful as ever, with some choices only available to a select group of parents who can afford hefty fees, move to the catchment of a successful school, or pay for costly private tuition to pass high-stakes entrance exams. /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 >> >> x?a*""/T HpO=Ua.qKKYSe,UO0]vem3__)S_TROatNSa`\BQrLlL$xpH9xV6rzN[#xPC*m !E|HRoD>KxkI]h*p]+GcB-sr)4v#%U_J~ +Esz3a7/bf!UI0Y>_x4&X!)zX endobj /ExtGState << Top-down federal and state . >> >> /TT2 226 0 R /StructParents 2 >> From 1988 all schools were required to teach the core subjects English, Maths, Science etc at GCSE level. /Properties << 90 0 obj <>stream >> /Properties << The law has three basic objectives: Make more individuals eligible for affordable health insurance. >> /Contents 288 0 R 0000052072 00000 n >> >> /TT1 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 61 0 obj /First 113 0 R The Government aims to make schooling available to everyone with the help of NEP 2020. /ExtGState << Pros Explained. /TT2 121 0 R An emphasis on individual freedom responsibility (they are against the welfare state). << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << /Type /Page 37 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R >> 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, WJEC AS Sociology - Education Policies Notes, [AQA] Unit 2 Sociology - Education: The Reform Act 1988, AQA Sociology Unit 2 Education and Research Methods Forum , How many names + dates should I learn for Sociology AS (AQA)? /Count 10 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /Resources << /Font << >> /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> It was this that then set the scene for successful schools to be able to expand and failing schools to collapse (and, following further policy changes later on under New Labour and other successive governments) to be taken over by successful schools. How do I view content? /Font << /TT0 120 0 R Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. The 1997 New Labour and the 2010 Coalition Government which followed kept to the basic system established in 1988. 66 0 obj /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /Parent 12 0 R >> /Type /Page /Contents 303 0 R /Parent 9 0 R Education Reform Act 1988 (ERA88) onwards, we measured changes over time in the tendency for pupils with particular socio-economic characteristics to cluster in particular schools (termed segregation). /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /Resources << Routledge. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /Contents 284 0 R 3 0 obj GLOBAL INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Globalization is the process by which different societies, cultures, and regional economies integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education. /TT3 159 0 R >> >> /Resources << 63 0 obj But performance measures (such as the new Progress 8) have now become impenetrable to most parents so may not even be helpful for exercising choice. /Contents 265 0 R Hi do you have the name of the textbook this information was from as I need to reference for my assignmentthanks . << Disadvantages. /Resources << endobj /TT1 226 0 R /ExtGState << endobj << A number of education policies and reforms, especially those brought in as part of the 1988 Educational Reform Act, looked to create a market in state education. >> /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 16 0 R 806 8067 22 >> /StructParents 38 endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R 6 0 obj History. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Children can go to school with their childhood friends. /ExtGState << endobj /Contents 225 0 R /Contents 243 0 R /Rotate 0 >> 16 0 obj /Properties << /Resources << The tripartite system of secondary education, implemented in the 1944 Act, offered three types of education after the age of 11: grammar schools for the most able, /ExtGState << >> << /TT0 120 0 R Those who passed the 11+ could go to grammar schools and the rest would settle on secondary moderns. /Parent 3 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market - plus back-door selection and even corruption. 1965-1980: Promoting Equity in Access to Educational Opportunities 1981-1988: The Push for Educational Excellence 1989-1992: The Rise of Standards-Based Reform School vouchers give families a greater level of flexibility. 17 0 obj >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << The better performing schools will attract more pupils and more funding and be able to expand. /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /Resources << /Type /Pages /MC0 129 0 R /Limits [ ] /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards, - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING), - Inequality widens between better performing schools in middle class areas and working class areas. /MarkInfo << /TT0 120 0 R 170 0 R 171 0 R 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R Created by: jocastle; Created on: 06-05-16 12:51; Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. /StructParents 30 >> These semi-structured interviews were carried out by using open-ended questions and afterwards transcribed and analysed by using classifying and themes. Hi Karl, thanks for this really useful. >> << >> /ExtGState << /Font << /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R >> /Properties << >> /Parent 15 0 R /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R 0000001818 00000 n /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 endobj 110 0 obj The Affordable Care Act has garnered a lot of debate since its implementation in 2010.The market continues to change as the healthcare reform debate continues. /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences Tuomo Ruotanen /Type /Page /Type /Page /Type /Page In the U.S. healthcare system, medical professionals are not employed by the government.Instead, they provide medical and health services privately and are reimbursed by the government for these services, in much the same way that insurance companies . /GS0 125 0 R Gerbil - the great education reform bill, as it was known before . /Type /OCG /Type /Page /Rotate 0 This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. /Rotate 0 >> endobj /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 12 0 R >> >> /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /Parent 10 0 R 0000035224 00000 n /ExtGState << 116 0 obj << The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /Parent 13 0 R 82 0 obj The aim of OFSTED is to drive up standards. Alternative types of schooling in the UK Faith schools Independent Special schools Home schooling Task: Give a definition for each types of school and give at least three advantages and disadvantages. %PDF-1.3 % /TT0 120 0 R >> /Parent 13 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj /GS0 125 0 R >> Societies benefit as well. /Properties << Stephen Ball talks of the school/ parent alliance: Middle class parents want middle class schools and schools want middle class pupils. >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /TT2 159 0 R Advantages and disadvantages of . /Parent 11 0 R << >> The Education Reform Act, 1988, has been greeted as an ill wind by many sections of the educational establishment. << endobj /Properties << Parentocracy refers to giving parents the choice over which schools to send their children too. >> /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R >> >> Better local oversight of schools and stronger incentives for local collaboration, rather than national chains cherry picking little groups of schools, would be Phillips priorities. /Marked true /ExtGState << /Parent 15 0 R /StructParents 67 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /Properties << They might in fact give extra money (in per pupil terms) to schools which were struggling to attract students in order to help them improve. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 26 >> /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << >> /Rotate 0 >> /C2_0 292 0 R endobj /Rotate 0 endobj 109 0 obj /Rotate 0 Also, faith schools were allowed to select on the basis of faith. >> >> /TT0 120 0 R << 0000035523 00000 n /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT1 121 0 R /Type /Page A bit like What car? magazine, but for schools. /Resources << endobj Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 15 0 R << 0000029468 00000 n /OCProperties << >> /Name (HeaderFooter) /Type /Pages /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Parental choice directly affects the school budget every extra pupil means extra money for the school. /StructParents 50 /Resources << >> >> >> /TT2 226 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MC0 129 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> endobj endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /Type /Page /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 221 0 R /Resources << /StructParents 51 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> The idea is particularly associated with policies inspired by the New Right and with the Education Reform . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 252 0 R Did the schools market deliver schools market deliver carried out by classifying. An emphasis on individual freedom responsibility ( they are against the welfare state ) using open-ended and! Which followed kept to the basic system established in 1988 from the Guardian every morning 0... /Ocg /type /Page advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act 0 this site uses Akismet to reduce spam and competition had registered... 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