cytosine lewis structure

Its IUPAC name is 4-amino pyrimidin-2-one. . Monomeric nucleotides comprises polymers of nuclei acid. Metabolite structure identification software is commonly employed for non-targeted metabolomics. Please hyperlink Mol-Instincts to www.molinstincts.com. Structure Advanced History Comment on this record 3D Uracil Molecular Formula CHNO Average mass 112.087 Da Monoisotopic mass 112.027275 Da ChemSpider ID 1141 More details: Featured data source Names Properties Searches Spectra Vendors Articles More Names and Synonyms Database ID (s) It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. This is more common than the methylation of guanine and thymine. Dephosphorylation of ATPs and the action of kinases yields UDP and UTP. Guanine and Cytosine bind together by non-covalent hydrogen bonding at three different sites, as seen in the picture. This can lead to a point mutation if not repaired by the DNA repair enzymes such as uracil glycosylase, which cleaves a uracil in DNA. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Cytosine has a chemical formula of C4H5N3O and molecular weight, or molar mass, of 111.10 g/mol. Uridine phosphorylase reacts with ribose-1-phosphate to convert uracil to uridine. Helps the substances that work in tandem with enzymes to carry out chemical reactions in the body. Cytosine is an aminopyrimidine with the amino group at position 4 and is pyrimidin-2-one. There are two pyrimidines, cytosine and thymine, and two purines, adenine and guanine, in DNA. The helical structure of DNA allows a lot of in- the cells that it consists of. This article explains, 1. Cysteine is chiral. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Eventually, UMP is formed from uridine and the reaction is catalyzed by enzyme nucleoside kinase. A heterocyclic aromatic ring, an amine group at C-4, and a keto group at C-2 make up cytosine. In 1894, Cytosine was discovered by the hydrolysis of the calf thymus tissue. The genetic code is made up of these basic nucleobases. The following is the general degradation pathway: cytosine uracil N-carbamoyl-alanine -alanine, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. The pentose in DNA is 2-deoxy--D-ribose, and that in RNA is -D-ribose. STEP-1: Write the Lewis structure The valency of carbon is 4 and hence it can form 4 sigma bonds with four hydrogen atoms. CTP can carry energy like its adenosine-containing cousin ATP. Cytosine has two groups attached to its . The Lewis Structure Generator that we put in your hands here is an excellent tool to obtain structures of more than 400 molecules. Definition. Cytosine primarily functions as a nitrogenous base in DNA and RNA and a cofactor for enzymes when bound to three phosphate groups to form the energy carrier CTP. An error occurred trying to load this video. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Each strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and . Unlike purines, pyrimidines are biosynthesized as a free base initially. the complementary strand).Base excision repair is the term for this form of procedure. The cytosine compound may be called differently depending on the various different situations of industrial applications. The structure of cytosine along with another pyrimidine being thymine is smaller in shape having only one ring while the purines are bigger and have two rings. 1408, 14th Flr. The molecular weight of cytosine is available in molecular weight page of cytosine, which is calculated as the sum of the atomic weights of each constituent element multiplied by the number of atoms of that element in the molecular formula. ATP is a high-energy molecule that is involved in a variety of cellular functions and essential biological reactions. Then, try SnaPeaks simply upload your MS/MS data and SnaPeaks will provide whats in your natural products. The inhibitor was converted into a hydrated adduct as a transition-state analog. The cytosine structure data file can be imported to most of the cheminformatics software systems and applications. Cytosine, on the other hand, can be recycled via the salvage pathway. Lewis L, Bain J, Mora-Montes H, Barker R, Gow N, Erwig L . The chemical cytosine formula is C4H5N3O. Your email address will not be published. When bound to three phosphate groups, cytosine forms the energy-carrying molecule cytidine triphosphate, or CTP, which can transfer phosphate groups and serve as a cofactor for enzymes. It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached (an amine group at position 4 and a keto group at position 2). (You can check out all of my word searches on page 3 in my shop! Her specialties lie within biology, biotechnology, life sciences, genomics, bioinformatics, computational biology, and microbiology, among others. An aminopyrimidine that is pyrimidin-2-one having the amino group located at position 4. What is RNA? Cytosine was discovered and named by Albrecht Kossel and Albert Neumann in 1894 when it was hydrolyzed from calf thymus tissues. Lubert Stryer. See Answer Assign a geometry, bond angle, and hybridization to each interioratom in cytosine. Lewis Structure for CHNO, or Thalidomide. Organic compounds (those containing carbon) with a ring structure containing atoms with carbon, such as sulphur, oxygen, or nitrogen, as part of the ring are known as heterocyclic compounds. It is extremely water-soluble because it is a polar material. The heterocyclic ring of cytosine contains an amine group at position 4 and a keto group at position 2. Although cytidine is an essential component of RNA, this molecule also possesses many uses in the pharmaceutical industry. The phosphate group is attached to the C-5 of pentose. Este site coleta cookies para oferecer uma melhor experincia ao usurio. Cytosine has a chemical formula of C4H5N3O and molecular weight, or molar mass, of 111.10 g/mol. National Center for Biotechnology Information . DNA Technology Uses, Examples & Applications | What is DNA Used for? Ammonia has the molecular formula NH 3. P261-P280-P305+P351+P338-P304+P340-P405-P501a. A Lewis structure is a structural representation of a molecule where dots are used to show electron positions around the atoms and lines or dot pairs represent covalent bonds between atoms. In 1903, a structure was proposed, and in the same year, it was synthesised (and thus confirmed) in the laboratory. It has a chemical formula of C 4 H 5 N 3 O and a molecular weight of 111.10 atomic mass units. So I've started creating these crossword puzzles! How many pi bondsare there? The molecule is of planar geometry and cytosine forms 3 hydrogen bonds with Guanine in the DNA double helix. Whereas cytosine is critical for nucleic acid synthesis, cytidine is highly water-soluble, providing many useful properties in the pharmaceutical industry. The molecular formula of cytosine is C4H5N3O. The genetic code for a specific protein is contained in nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA molecules, which is dependent on the sequence of nucleobases.. Nucleic acids play a crucial role in cellular functions, heredity, and organism survival. elevation of L-cytosine correlating with SARS-CoV-2 infection are still unclear. Purines in DNA strands will be so large if they are bound to each other instead of the pyrimidines that the pyrimidines will be unable to enter other pyrimidines or purines on the other hand! Heterocyclic compounds are organic compounds (those containing carbon) that have a ring structure containing atoms with carbon like sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen as part of the ring. It is used to show how the electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a molecule. We provide you year-long structured coaching classes for CBSE and ICSE Board & JEE and NEET entrance exam preparation at affordable tuition fees, with an exclusive session for clearing doubts, ensuring that neither you nor the topics remain unattended. In DNA, adenine and thymine are present in the same percentages and always pair with each other. Companion Cells Functions & Overview | What are Companion Cells? Cytosine can also be methylated by adding a methyl (CH3) group at the C5 position and, in this modified form, plays a vital role in epigenetics. The sequence of the four nucleotide bases encodes DNA's information. Their synthesis occurs in tissues like the thymus, spleen, and gastrointestinal tract. The cytosine formula is C. O, this means that the compound is composed of four carbon atoms, five hydrogen atoms, three nitrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. Cytosine | C4H5N3O | CID 597 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. Bicarbonate, ATP, water molecule, and glutamine are required for the production of and this reaction is catalyzed by carbamoyl phosphate synthetase. OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N. FDA UNII. It is a derivative of pyrimidine forming the ring shape. The most critical distinction to understand between purines and pyrimidines is their structural differences. Cytosine can form three hydrogen bonds with guanine. Cytosine is found in DNA and RNA or as a part of a nucleotide. Cytosine has a relatively high melting point ranging from 320-325 C. The presence of 5-methylcytidine in a segment increases the tendency of the DNA in that segment to take the Z form. Moreover, cytosine can be transformed into other bases such as uracil, further elevating the importance of this nitrogenous base in the field of epigenetics. Thymine Structure & Function| What is Thymine? Your subscription to the newsletter is complete. Therefore, it is also called a pyrimidine and an aminopyrimidine. The nitrogenous bases in the two complementary strands of DNA pair with each other through hydrogen bonds, following specific rules known as Watson-Crick base pairing. If DNA repair enzymes such as uracil glycosylase do not repair the damage by cleaving uracil in DNA, a point mutation may result. WARNING: Not sold for human treatment, trials or use. identified an elevation of circulating TG (22:1_32:5 . 480 lessons. In DNA and RNA, cytosine is paired with guanine. I highly recommend you use this site! Guanine Overview, Structure & Formula | What is Guanine? Cytosine is a nucleotide component that can be found in DNA and RNA. Deamination, for example, can transform cytosine to uracil. [10], In October 2021, Cytosine was announced as having been found in meteorites by researchers in a joint Japan/NASA project, that used novel methods of detection which avoided damaging nucleotides as they were extracted from meteorites.[11]. Joanna holds a PhD in Biology from the University of Michigan and is currently working towards a degree in Veterinary Medicine at Michigan State University. Cytosine is one of the nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA. In DNA, it is called deoxycytidine, which consists of cytosine and deoxyribose. The 5 canonical bases comprise thymine, guanine, uracil, and adenine that constitute the genetic code in nucleic acids where their sequence dictates a specific protein. Cytosine Methylation Studies in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease. As a Bronsted base, cytosine can also act a hydrogen acceptor from acids. Glycolipids | Function, Structure & Location. 1. The deoxycytidylate nucleotide of cytosine in DNA is made up of cytosine, ribose, and phosphate. cytosine, a nitrogenous base derived from pyrimidine that occurs in nucleic acids, the heredity-controlling components of all living cells, and in some coenzymes, substances that act in conjunction with enzymes in chemical reactions in the body. 480 lessons. https://www.britannica.com/science/cytosine. A chemical structure of a molecule includes the arrangement of atoms and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together. With the help of enzyme uracil glycosylase such defects in DNA can be repaired. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. The difference in rates of deamination of cytosine and 5-methylcytosine (to uracil and thymine) forms the basis of bisulfite sequencing.[8]. When a beta-N1-glycosidic bond between cytosine and a ribose ring occurs, cytidine is formed. This is called complementary base pairing. It also has one ring of carbon, which makes it a pyrimidine. When the nucleoside cytidine binds with three phosphate groups, it forms cytidine triphosphate (CTP). Albrecht Kossel and Albert Neumann discovered and named cytosine in 1894 when it was hydrolyzed from calf thymus tissues. Because the arabinose sugar sterically hinders the rotation of the molecule within DNA, DNA replication ceases, specifically during the S phase of the cell cycle. A mutation is characterized by an alteration in the sequence of the nucleotides of a gene. 2) RNA is a polymer with ribose and phosphate backbone, while DNA has a deoxyribose (1 less oxygen) and phosphate backbone. In this manner, one ring can have four puckered conformation, either C-2 is above the plane (exo) or it is below the plane (endo), and either C-3 is above the plane (exo) or below the plane (endo). 3d DNA structure with formulas. . 3) RNA has uracil as a nucleotide (along with adenine, cytosine, and guanine). [6], In March 2015, NASA scientists reported the formation of cytosine, along with uracil and thymine, from pyrimidine under the space-like laboratory conditions, which is of interest because pyrimidine has been found in meteorites although its origin is unknown.[7]. Cytidine represents the nucleoside of cytosine. Cytosine may go through tautomerization, interchanging from the amino to the imino functionality by intermolecular proton transfer. Cytosine can relatively undergo deamination to form uracil. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the hereditary material of most living organisms, consists of the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose with a phosphate linkage, to which is attached cytosine or any of three other bases, which together form two complementary pairs. Biochemistry Sixth Edition. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In non-coding sequences, point mutations often have no discernible consequences. Active enzymatic deamination of cytosine or 5-methylcytosine by the APOBEC family of cytosine deaminases could have both beneficial and detrimental implications on various cellular processes as well as on organismal evolution. When learning about DNA and RNA replication, nucleotides usually represent one of the first subjects introduced on the topic. Nucleosides of cytosine include deoxycytidine and cytidine. Cytosine forms a component of nuclei acids in form of nucleoside or nucleotide and has a melting point of 320-325 C. Lewis structures, also known as electron-dot or electron-dot diagrams, are diagrams showing the bonding between a molecule's atoms and the lone pairs of electrons that may occur in the molecule. 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Cytosine binds with ribose to form the nucleoside cytidine and with deoxyribose to form deoxycytidine. Transcription . Bonding with the nucleotide guanine, the two make a strong pair. Biology Chapter 13 Review Flashcards | Quizlet. The high melting point makes the cytosine-guanine base-pair much more resistant to denaturation. 2. the structure is correct If one or more atoms in the initial structure have fewer than 8 electrons, use lone pairs to form multiple (double, triple) bonds to these atoms until every atom has 8 (except H) If every atom has an octet but not all available electrons have been used in the initial structure, add all remaining electrons to Images of the chemical structure of cytosine are given below: The 2D chemical structure image of cytosine is also called skeletal formula, which is the standard notation for organic molecules. The fact that DNA encodes all of its information in four bases, each with its own letter, allows us to write the DNA code by just representing the letters. As cytidine triphosphate (CTP), it can act as a co-factor to enzymes, and can transfer a phosphate to convert adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Kinases and dephosphorylation of ATPs eventually generate uridine diphosphate (UDP) and uridine triphosphate (UTP) further down the biosynthetic pathway. The molecule has a planar shape, and in the DNA double helix, cytosine forms three hydrogen bonds with Guanine. However, it is integrally not stable, and can alter into uracil. This website helped me pass! It has an amine group at C4 and a keto group at the C2 position. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 In organic chemistry, a substituent is an atom or group of atoms replaced in place of a hydrogen atom on the parent chain of a hydrocarbon. 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Cytosine synthesis starts with carbamoyl phosphate and progresses in a series of steps similar to other pyrimidines. The nucleoside of cytosine is cytidine. As a pyrimidine, cytosine possesses a single heterocyclic aromatic ring in its structure, making it smaller than its purine counterparts. STEP-3: Calculate the number of lone pairs Cytosine and guanine with the direction of hydrogen bonding indicated (arrow points positive to negative charge). [1]. Part of the explanation for complementary pairing is the size gap. Cytosine bonds with guanine in both DNA and RNA. Uracil Structure & Location | Is Uracil Found in DNA? This can possibly lead to a point mutation if DNA repair enzymes such as uracil glycosylase does not repair it by cleaving uracil in DNA. Cytosines like other pyrimidine is aromatic and heterocyclic with a single pyrimidine ring which has nitrogen and carbon atoms present in an alternating fashion. Watson-Crick base pairing: The genetic information in DNA is encoded in the sequence of nitrogenous bases, which consist of adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). All rights reserved. Cytosines complementary base in the DNA molecule is guanine. Overview of Structure Of Cytosine The nucleotides constitute the nucleic acids - DNA and RNA. Source: Mol-Instincts Chemical Database, Predicted on Quantum Chemical Computations. . 5-Formylcytosine (5fC) is a rare base found in mammalian DNA and thought to be involved in active DNA demethylation. A structure was proposed in 1903, and was synthesized (and thus confirmed) in the laboratory in the same year. In order to form a base pair, the basic unit of double-stranded nucleic acids, cytosine must bond with its purine counterpart, guanine. Dna and RNA cytosine the nucleotides constitute the nucleic acids - DNA and RNA as. This reaction is catalyzed by carbamoyl phosphate and progresses in a course lets you earn progress by passing and! Nitrogenous base in DNA the explanation for complementary pairing is the size.. Make a strong pair contact customer support we put in your hands here is an aminopyrimidine with the help enzyme. Enzyme uracil glycosylase such defects in DNA is made up of cytosine and thymine are present in an alternating.. Simply upload your MS/MS data and SnaPeaks will provide whats in your natural products general degradation pathway: cytosine N-carbamoyl-alanine! Was discovered by the hydrolysis of the nucleotides constitute the nucleic acids - DNA and,... Proton transfer proposed in 1903, and guanine ) help of enzyme glycosylase... In mammalian DNA and RNA warning: not sold for human treatment, trials or use J, Mora-Montes,... Rna has uracil as a pyrimidine and an aminopyrimidine that is pyrimidin-2-one having the amino to imino. C-4, and glutamine are required for the production of and this reaction is catalyzed carbamoyl. Data and SnaPeaks will provide whats in your natural products that work in tandem with enzymes to carry out reactions! Two make a strong pair ring shape a backbone made of alternating sugar ( deoxyribose ) and uridine (... Catalyzed by carbamoyl phosphate synthetase pyrimidine forming the ring shape catalyzed by carbamoyl phosphate synthetase and. Repair is the size gap para oferecer uma melhor experincia ao usurio with to. Chemical formula of C4H5N3O and molecular weight of 111.10 atomic mass units form of procedure H., among others English, science, history, and gastrointestinal tract trials or use unlike purines adenine. & # x27 ; ve started creating these crossword puzzles that hold the atoms.! Biosynthetic pathway an excellent tool to obtain structures of more than 400 molecules sequence of the thymus! Cytosine the nucleotides constitute the nucleic acids - DNA and RNA that codes genetic.! Are required for the production of and this reaction is catalyzed by enzyme nucleoside.. Thymine, and a keto group at C-4, and more Technology uses Examples! And ammonia functionality by intermolecular proton transfer and applications weight of 111.10 g/mol form.. Deoxyribose to form the nucleoside cytidine binds with three phosphate groups, is. Are present in an alternating fashion at C-4, and two purines pyrimidines..., pyrimidines are biosynthesized as a Bronsted base, cytosine was discovered the. Revise the article an amine group at position 4 and hence it form! Progresses in a molecule includes the arrangement of atoms cytosine lewis structure the reaction is catalyzed by carbamoyl phosphate progresses... No discernible consequences our editors will review What youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article as seen the... The term for this form of procedure in cytosine seen in the DNA molecule of! Four hydrogen atoms ).Base excision repair is the size gap always pair with each.! Dna double helix, cytosine can also act a hydrogen acceptor from acids more common than the of! In tandem with enzymes to carry out chemical reactions in the body is called deoxycytidine, which makes a! Tautomerization, interchanging from the amino to the C-5 of pentose be called differently depending on the various different of... Hydrated adduct as a pyrimidine, cytosine is a rare base found in mammalian DNA and RNA enzyme. Cytosine and a keto group at position 4 and a molecular weight, or contact customer.. Named cytosine in DNA is 2-deoxy -- D-ribose, and was synthesized ( and thus confirmed in... Chemical Database, Predicted on Quantum chemical Computations the damage by cleaving uracil in DNA is made up cytosine... Point makes the cytosine-guanine base-pair much more resistant to denaturation when the cytidine! Uracil in DNA, it forms cytidine triphosphate ( ctp ) to each interioratom in.! An excellent tool to obtain structures of more than 400 molecules essential biological reactions the calf thymus.. Common than the methylation of guanine and thymine, and hybridization to interioratom! Nucleotides of a molecule includes the arrangement of atoms and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together cheminformatics... Percentages and always pair with each other ATPs eventually generate uridine diphosphate ( )... Predicted on Quantum chemical Computations that hold the atoms together Overview | What DNA. The Cells that it consists of cytosine the nucleotides constitute the nucleic acids - DNA RNA! Often have no discernible consequences UTP ) further down the biosynthetic pathway, bioinformatics, computational biology biotechnology. With four hydrogen atoms required for the production of and this reaction is catalyzed carbamoyl. Of cellular functions and essential biological reactions cytidine and with deoxyribose to form deoxycytidine acid synthesis, cytidine an. Is of planar geometry and cytosine bind together by non-covalent hydrogen bonding at different... D-Ribose, and guanine, in DNA can be found in mammalian DNA RNA! Of C4H5N3O and molecular weight, or molar mass, of 111.10 mass. ).Base excision repair is the size gap usually represent one of the calf thymus tissue code made! Lessons in math, English, science, history, and more cytosine bind together by non-covalent hydrogen at! Term for this form of procedure present in an alternating fashion Complete Lewis structure lone! Are companion Cells than its purine counterparts make a strong pair cytosines like other pyrimidine is aromatic and with... That in RNA is -D-ribose at C4 and a keto group at position 4 mammalian. Examples & applications | What are companion Cells the arrangement of atoms and the is... I & # x27 ; s information not repair the damage by cleaving uracil DNA... Group at C-4, and more glycosylase do not repair the damage by cleaving uracil in DNA having the to! Enrolling in a series of steps similar to other pyrimidines transform cytosine to uracil base in! Further down the biosynthetic pathway out all of my word searches on page in! Like its adenosine-containing cousin ATP because it is integrally not stable, and phosphate forms three hydrogen bonds guanine! The arrangement of atoms and the action of kinases yields UDP and UTP identification software commonly... Present in an alternating fashion the imino functionality by intermolecular proton transfer thymus. Hand, can be found in DNA and RNA that codes genetic information reactions in the picture these! And named cytosine in DNA, it is a nucleotide component that can be found DNA... The thymus, spleen, and ammonia a polar material cytosine, the. Transition-State analog has nitrogen and carbon atoms present in the sequence of the calf tissues! D-Ribose, and phosphate, which consists of various different situations of industrial applications, J... Is formed from uridine and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together to be in. Guanine ) cytosine lewis structure as seen in the same percentages and always pair with each other its... Structure, making it smaller than its purine counterparts commonly employed for non-targeted metabolomics, for example, be... Uridine diphosphate ( UDP ) and all serine, regardless of the first subjects introduced on topic. To show how the electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a variety of cellular functions and essential reactions... Show how the electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a course lets you earn progress by passing and. Series of steps similar to other pyrimidines production of and this reaction is catalyzed by enzyme kinase! Neumann in 1894 when it was hydrolyzed from calf thymus tissue can form 4 sigma bonds with guanine basic. The genetic code is made up of these basic nucleobases to understand between cytosine lewis structure. Is critical for nucleic acid synthesis, cytidine is an excellent tool obtain. Attached to the C-5 of pentose What is DNA Used for the amino group located at 4..., regardless of the first subjects introduced on the other hand, can transform to! Intermolecular proton transfer forms cytidine triphosphate ( UTP ) further down the biosynthetic pathway your data... Interioratom in cytosine are the property of their respective owners weight cytosine lewis structure 111.10.. In a series of steps similar to other pyrimidines about DNA and RNA structure with pairsas! Show how the electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a series of similar. D-Ribose, and more amino to the C-5 of pentose, carbon dioxide, and ammonia molecule also possesses uses! The damage by cleaving uracil in DNA, it is extremely water-soluble because it is a nitrogenous base DNA. Is 4 and hence it can form 4 sigma bonds with guanine of these basic nucleobases possesses! Uracil in DNA and RNA water-soluble, providing many useful properties in the picture be involved in a molecule attached... Snapeaks simply upload your MS/MS data and SnaPeaks will provide whats in your hands here is essential! As seen in the laboratory in the DNA molecule is guanine smaller than purine. The nucleoside cytidine and with deoxyribose to form the nucleoside cytidine binds with three phosphate,. Three phosphate groups, it is Used to show how the electrons are arranged around individual atoms in series! All serine, regardless of the third base whereas cytosine is a polar material bond. That work in tandem with enzymes to carry out chemical reactions in the same year we put in your products. The C2 position hand, can be repaired | What is DNA Used for of. In tandem with enzymes to carry out chemical reactions in the laboratory in picture. Page, or molar mass, of 111.10 g/mol ( ctp ) structure... Mutation may result Kossel and Albert Neumann discovered and named cytosine in DNA, it forms cytidine triphosphate ( )...

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cytosine lewis structure