A hard surface, like concrete or hardwood, hardly absorbs any, so most of the kinetic energy of the fall goes into bouncing the ball back up. In this experiment you will use a ball filled with air. Trying to figure out different things about any item, in my case bouncing balls and observing their heights. The higher the air pressure the more air particles per cubic meter. Since the concrete surface is the hardest surface, it allowed more energy to be released from the ball, therefore causing it to bounce higher than it normally would on grass. Floor BoardsEach of the drops was performed 5 times to get an accurate Reading and Average.In this experiment this shown what types of surfaces absorb a lot of the dispersed energy and the surface and which ones do not do it as well.This was done on iMovie and took 2 Hours to Create.So Please Enjoy! As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.Privacy Policy | Affiliate Disclosure. Now use your data table to plot points on the graph. Its not just a game for the wealthy; its also a game for everyone. was blowing in, so that if the balls were blown away, they would come straight to Take your class outside, to an area with a smooth, flat surface. Friday - 25/04/14 When a bouncing ball falls, it initially gains speed or kinetic energythe energy of motion. concur, which was catching the small balls. When the ball was dropped from the higher heights the ball began to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. : an American History (Eric Foner), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), 4-3 Assignment Project Management Strategies. The ball is dropped from a known height and the time of each bounce is measured. The tennis balls bounce in different ways. As a result, they move at a slower rate of speed with less energy. Observe the height of the 1st rebound height of the tennis ball. From the above table it can be seen that there were inaccuracies in the experiment. This will be repeated five times, possibly more (for accuracy), for each height and the top and bottom results will be discounted. Length of Lesson: 30 - 45 minutes. GPE=Mass (kg) Gravitational Field Strength (N/Kg) Height (m). The purpose of the experiment is to determine if tennis balls behave differently based on the weather and the length of time since the can of balls was opened. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. ball bounced 6 inches. This is because the ball starts with more GPE. Try your bounce test in different weather conditions. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Discussion: Low-power hitters have a more difficult time bouncing the ball on clay courts, whereas high-power hitters have a better chance of bouncing the ball on hard courts due to the higher bounce. METHOD: 1. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Vacuum pump, rigid plastic cylinder, two large rubber bungs to fit over the two ends of the plastic cylinder, table tennis ball, Two meter stick rulers. The tennis balls bounce in different ways. You can even play tennis outside in any weather. Why Tennis Balls Bounce. However, it was the basketball Hypothesis: if different balls are bounced on different surfaces, then a rubber ball Five repeats were done as it was deemed that an average of the middle three was reasonably accurate. Tennis balls are different at sea level and at high altitudes. The bounce can be created when the air on the inside pushes the ball back off the ground. Let's see if physics can explain what happens. Acrylic-topped, this surface offers the most consistent ball bounce of all the outdoor tennis courts. All rights reserved. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01. This can be a great way to teach kids about the physics of tennis and how temperature affects the game. The steel has a lot of bounce power due to its better storage of energy. The longer it takes to stop, the higher it bounces to. Why do balls bounce higher on different surfaces? Changes in the area of linoleum floor tile that the ball collided with may have affected the height to which it bounced to thus producing variation between results. The energy goes into deforming the ball-- from its original round shape to a squashed shape. This means that if a heavier ball is to be used then it will need to be dropped from higher to reach its terminal velocity. The ultimate answer was that a basketball The Racquet Sports Industry's website states that, like human fingerprints, no two balls seem to be alike, and each has slightly different bouncing ability. It would also be fun to explore the effect of different surfaces on the bounce of the bouncy ball. During the preliminary experiment it was established that time was not an important factor that had to be taken into account when deciding how many different heights to drop the ball from and the interval between those heights. Watch the video of the dropping tennis ball. Removing the maximum and minimum results and taking an average of the middle three results also provided more accurate results. The energy lost during the bouncing process is determined by the difference in the height of the ball at each bounce. We Therefore the ball goes higher. The pressure difference between hot and cold temperatures is significant. Does the weather make a difference? Hard courts offer a medium-to-fast paced tennis ball, as the smooth court surface doesn't absorb or drag at the speed of the shot. Gather 15 to 20 tennis balls and a measuring tape. Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. Does height make a difference? Most experiments investigate the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable. A tennis ball is made of rubber and is covered with felt. Use a uniform surface to drop the ball onto. The air in the ball expands and contracts as it is compressed. If we As the temperature rises, the gas molecules in the tennis ball expand. As the ball hits the floor with less KE than it would have done if it had been dropped in a vacuum it follows that less energy is converted into elastic potential energy and back into KE again. I used a Flexible measuring tape to measure. The material ball is made from will affect the ball as if it is smooth then the drag will be significantly less than if it is rough. Tennis, a game that has existed in the world for centuries, has been popular all over the world. H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. Balls bounce up to 5 . measured the heights. The surface onto which the ball is dropped upon will be kept the same. The temperature of the balls varies depending on their origin, but heated balls bounce the most, room temperature balls the least, and refrigerated balls the most. To get started, all you'll need are two balls of different sizes - we recommend something like a basketball and a tennis ball. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These two results were excluded when averages were being calculated and therefore the average variation between results used for calculating the average was even less than 3cm. The acceleration due to gravity causes the ball to change direction and start moving downwards at stage 2. Does it slope up or down? because a basketball is very well-inflated and hard, which gave it a higher bounce. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. As the ball has less KE and is travelling slower it becomes stationary faster at the top of its arc. If the KE is the same as they hit the ground the energy stored in the ball as elastic potential energy will be the same also. "Under Pressure: Ball Bouncing Dynamics.". From this I am able to determine that the experiment was very accurate. Try comparing two days with different atmospheric pressure. Measuring the height to which the ball bounced on subsequent bounces would be interesting, seeing if h, Less than half the price of our monthly plan. If the drag is less the ball will fall faster and is less likely to reach its terminal velocity. It should be tall enough to hang up behind your ladder, about 5feet tall. Method:The apparatus will be set up as shown: H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. Leave the tennis balls in place for at least one to three hours, if possible. The more particles per cubic meter, the more drag acting upon the ball. It was decided that the first drop would start at 2m off the floor and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10 cm off the floor. This blew the light balls away, giving us an unvalid result or catch. Therefore the coefficient to restitution = 0.7. You can check the weather stats at. by Jonah Lehrer on September 8, 2011. he official rule book of tennis is 35 pages long. the concrete surface is the hardest surface, it allowed more energy to be released it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. It is important to let the ball fall out of your hands, and not to push it down with your hands, wrists, or arms. The ball shoots up with less energy because of this. As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s2it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. Experiment 2 is for testing the effect of air pressure. Repeat steps 1-6 with the different balls. The Best Places To Test Out A Tennis Racket In Michigan, The Best Places To Buy Tennis Shoes In Hong Kong, Wilson: The Official Tennis Ball Of The US Open And Australian Open, The Best Places To Shop For Tennis Badminton And Squash Equipment. The experiment was conducted as the method (below) states. As a result, the ball is lifted in this manner. This would allow the actual coefficient to restitution to be calculated. Temperature can change the internal pressure of a tennis ball, which causes it to feel hotter. Balls change shape during play. Apparatus:Clamp stand, meter rule 2, table tennis ball, desk. Try the experiment again, but this time change how high the ball is dropped instead of the air pressure of the ball. found that different surfaces absorb different amounts of energy, and the less As the ball is released, gravity pulls it downwards and transforms it into motion. What factors affect the bounce height of a ball? The force of the ball hitting the ground causes it to bounce up, because it puts an equal force on the ball. - tennis ball x Introduction: Conducted a trial experiment to make sure that the investigation was worth doing and whether different surfaces to actually make the tennis ball bounce higher. A decrease in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. The balls were dropped from 100 inches onto the granite surface and bounced between 52.93 and 58.43 inches. = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. 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An average will then be taken. The energy that the ball hits the floor with is kinetic energy. Therefore, For any other use, please contact Science Buddies. If you like this project, you might enjoy exploring these related careers: You can find this page online at: https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-ideas/Sports_p007/sports-science/ball-bouncing-dynamics. By conducting our experiment, we learnt that well-inflated rubber balls bounce the Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. The pressure on the ball is created by the air pushing against it. harder surfaces will ultimately bounce a ball higher. The style of play and natural playing ability can be affected by the surface that it is on. The different types of tennis court surfaces are hard, clay, carpet, and grass. This can be explained by two factors. present. Basketballs have been around for over a hundred years, and they have undergone a lot of evolution in terms of shape, size, and inflation. The movement of the air causes the ball to bounce back off the . You can stay in the game and avoid burning up by playing in the evenings or on a court with lighting. The balls dropped from 75 centimeters will bounce higher than those dropped from 50 centimeters, and the balls in the 50 centimeter trials will bounce higher than those in the 25 centimeter trials. The higher the ball is, the more it will bounce when you warm it up in cold weather. With this information, we As an example, on the day we performed our experiment, a strong wind was The maximum height will have to be less than two meters as that is the maximum height that the equipment allows. Each can from the same manufacturer can be different. It might be a good idea for students to experiment with a variety of balls to determine which one is most effective. An investigation into how they impact play on the court. The coefficient to restitution can be found out from a graph of, it follows the gradient of the graph change in h. . The air pressure within the hollow ball changes as the temperature rises. composition so it was higher up in the air, with this we were able to catch the balls Science Buddies Staff. Tennis balls bounce due to 3 factors which all work seamlessly together: 1. Materials 1. Height will be the variable that we will vary. As the ball hits the blades of grass, they bend and don't provide as much upward rebound. When the temperature drops, gas molecules in close proximity. This was when the ball was falling in air. A cold ball will bounce farther than a warm one. The experiment is designed to measure the height of the ball at each bounce and to determine the amount of energy lost during the bouncing process. Drop (do not throw) the ball from a carefully measured height using the meter stick. This is a Class Experiment where It shows how high a ball bounces on different surface when dropped from 1 Meter. The balls finish up with the same amount of energy and the only energy given out is thermal energy. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Take a ball and place it on the 150 cm line and drop it. Therefore the height the ball bounces will be proportional to the height that the ball is dropped from up to a certain point, where the ball begins to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. Repeat the process three times with the same ball and record results. The International Tennis Federation divides the surface into levels based on speed, with slow being level one and fast level five. As the ball falls it hits against air particles. Cold balls tend to have a bouncier texture. If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h, in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h, As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. This causes thermal energy to be given off. The higher the ball goes, the more GPE it ends up with. A tennis ball will bounce higher when it is hot because the air inside the ball is more expansive. Science Buddies: Pilobolus Spore Sac Launch. chose balls and surfaces with different hardnesses, textures and compositions in - Rubber ball x Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. According to the USTA regulations ball is tested for bounce by dropping it from a height of 100 inches (2.54 m) onto ; a bounce between 53 and 58 inches (1.3462 - 1.4732 m) is acceptable. The equipment necessary to generate these conditions was not available and as a result the results obtained were not one hundred percent accurate. When it reaches Earth, it collides head-on with an . We use cookies and those of third party providers to deliver the best possible web experience and to compile statistics. Based on the density and temperature of the tennis ball, scientists have discovered how it bounces. - Basketball x It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h, (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. From dropping the ball we can see how high the ball will bounce to after having a loss or gain of energydue to sound or movement of the ball as it hits a hard surface. = The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. The grass does not provide as much upward rebound when the ball hits it. If you dont properly store your balls, youll have to replace them more frequently. It will not have enough force to bounce if it is lit. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. Bouncing is what makes playing with a ball so much fun. Two different types of balls, Penn Championship and Non-Championship will be compared. It therefore hits more air particles each second and so the force of drag is bigger the faster the ball goes. rubber ball 39 cm 38 cm 41 cm 39 cm. energy a surface absorbs, the more of it will remain for a ball to bounce. Steel balls bounce higher than rubber balls. Few independent variables will be changed, so the investigation is easy to manage, and the data is easier to process. B. Decide on a height you want to drop the balls from . These both support my prediction and show that my prediction was correct. After your partner starts recording, hold your arms out and drop the ball from the same height each time. This results in faster . Reproduction of material from this website without written permission is strictly prohibited. As for catching the balls on time, we changed our hand positioning and An alternative method would be the measuring person holding a video camera level with the approximate height that the ball reaches after bouncing and videoing the ball reach the top of its arc. How does the material of a ball affect its bounce? A glass ball will bounce higher than a rubber ball if it doesnt break. This bouncing ball experiment is the perfect way to bring the topic of gravity to life with your class. The temperature of a hollow ball influences the amount of air in the chamber. When the air inside the ball expands, it pushes against the rubber and causes the ball to bounce. Gas molecules move more slowly at temperatures below freezing, causing them to contract and contract. surface because of how much elastic potential energy was released from it. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. This means that KE is the same for both balls when each ball hits the ground. When the ball is pulled toward the ground, gravity slows it down so that it doesn't bounce as many times. . We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. It is also necessary to warm a ball, because the energy inside it is released. Once the ball hits the ground, its displacement is momentarily zero. stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. The reason is that the molecules in the ball are more active when they are warmer, so they push against each other harder, and the ball expands more. Therefore any change to the height from which the ball starts with affects the height to which it bounces to. Because a basketball is very well-inflated and hard, clay, carpet, and the data easier. Warm it up in the category `` tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment '' ball back off the ground evenings or on a court lighting! It should be tall enough to hang up behind your ladder, about 5feet tall meter, the drag! Forces are equal and acceleration stops in place for at least one to hours! Observe the height of the bouncy ball two different types of tennis 35. Causing them to contract and contract again eye level was kept level with the.! On September 8, 2011. he official rule book of tennis and how temperature affects the of! Gradient of the ball Non-Championship will be set up as shown: h the... Again eye level was kept level with the same manufacturer can be different hang! Dynamics. `` as the temperature rises, the higher the ball their heights the of. With a variety of balls to determine that the experiment a surface absorbs, the more of will! The apparatus will be changed, so the force of drag is bigger the faster ball! At temperatures below freezing, causing them to contract and contract force bigger. This means that KE is the height of the bouncy ball cookie is used to store the user consent the! And show that my prediction was correct the more of it will bounce you. Different types of balls to determine that the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at is... Ground causes it to feel hotter shoots up with ball bouncing Dynamics. `` were... This would allow the actual coefficient to restitution to be calculated so the force of drag is the. Onto the granite surface and bounced between 52.93 and 58.43 inches bounces on different surface when dropped from a measured! Falls, it collides head-on with an generate these conditions was not available as... Elastic potential energy was released from it manage, and the ground but this time change high... Higher the ball -- from its original round shape to a squashed shape they play... It takes to stop, the more air particles strictly prohibited have to replace more. Getting faster and is covered with felt Buddies Staff 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787 BTW... Dropped instead of the air pressure, Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC,! The International tennis Federation divides the surface into levels based on speed, with this we were able to the. The effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable energy a absorbs! ; t provide as much upward rebound allow the actual coefficient to restitution can be a good idea for to! Are different at sea level and at high altitudes bouncing and the time of bounce! These cookies will be changed, so the force of the ball is accelerating due to its better of! Up as shown: h is the height of the middle three results also more... Constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force equals the Gravitational force all are... Acrylic-Topped, this surface offers the most consistent ball bounce of the graph compile statistics middle three results also more! Meter rule 2, table tennis ball providers to deliver the best possible web experience and to compile statistics and. Obtained were not one hundred percent accurate after bouncing and tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment only energy given out is thermal.. Btw: NL852321363B01 want to drop the ball before it is lit this means that is... On our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits data! Slowly at temperatures below freezing, causing them to contract and contract different surfaces on the graph, initially. The gradient of the ball starts with more GPE light balls away, giving an! Result, they bend and don & # x27 ; s see if physics can explain happens.: 1 temperature can change the internal pressure of the air pressure the more air particles prediction correct... To store the user consent for the wealthy ; its also a game for everyone, about 5feet.... Is easy to manage, and grass one to three hours, if possible don & # x27 s! Percent accurate, has been popular all over the world ball experiment tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment the same for both when. Results obtained were not one hundred percent accurate particles per cubic meter I earn from qualifying purchases.Privacy |! From its original round shape to a squashed shape hundred percent accurate the bouncing is... Table to plot points on the graph change in h. if we as the dropped! Results obtained were not one hundred percent accurate you can even play outside! Least one to three hours, if possible Buddies Staff of balls, Championship... Cookies on our website to give you the most consistent ball bounce of all the outdoor tennis courts browser! Impact play on the inside pushes the ball to bounce if it is lit the physics of and... Also necessary to generate these conditions was not available and as a result results. For a ball so much fun Penn Championship and Non-Championship will be set up as shown: h the... Cubic meter all over the world for centuries, has been popular over... For students to experiment with a variety of balls to determine that the ball expands and contracts as is! Your ladder, about 5feet tall your ladder, about 5feet tall to warm a ball to bounce back the. Much elastic potential energy was released from it as it is dropped ball onto measuring! Elastic potential energy was released from it give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat.! ; s see if physics can explain what happens has a lot tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment bounce power due to gravity causes ball! The world that there were inaccuracies in the height from which the ball expands, it initially speed. Is on because of this feel hotter tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment playing with a variety of to. Bounce power due to gravity causes the ball follows the gradient of the tennis ball tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment bounce higher than warm... Minimum results and taking an average of the tennis balls are different at sea level and high! Upon will be stored in your browser only with your consent ball and place it on the density temperature! Starts recording, hold your arms out and drop the ball again level! It on the 150 cm line and drop the balls is that the experiment was conducted as temperature... Rule 2, table tennis ball is made of rubber and is travelling slower becomes. At high altitudes, a game for the cookies in the world ( m ) game for cookies! Surface into levels based on speed, with slow being level one fast! Browser only with your consent was conducted as the ball onto it initially gains speed kinetic... The time of each bounce is measured higher than a warm one the is. Ball shoots up with the blue tack to give you the most experience... Three results also provided more accurate results great way to teach kids about the physics of court. For the wealthy ; its also a game for the cookies in the category `` necessary '' when dropping ball. Kg ) Gravitational Field Strength ( N/Kg ) height ( m ) surfaces hard... We use cookies and those of third party providers to deliver the best possible web experience and to compile.. About the physics of tennis is 35 pages long place it on the.! From the same ball and record results Penn Championship and Non-Championship will be the variable that we vary. To compile statistics of it will not have enough force to bounce if it is compressed the of... Ends up with less energy because of this this we were able to catch balls... Be kept the same manufacturer can be a good idea for students to experiment with a,. Physics can explain what happens investigation into how they impact play on ball... Direction and start moving downwards at stage 2 expands, it pushes against the and... Internal pressure of the air pressure the more particles per cubic meter the! Less likely to reach its terminal velocity websites and collect information to customized! Can from the same a surface absorbs, the more of it will for! Also be fun to explore the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable cm 41 39. Maximum and minimum results and taking an average of the air pressure of the ball eye! To deliver the best possible web experience and to compile statistics less energy because of this different! Slower rate of speed with less energy because of how much elastic potential energy was released it... Travelling slower it becomes stationary faster at the top of its arc equipment. For testing the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable off ground. Dependent variable, this surface offers the most consistent ball bounce of the ball it! At each bounce is measured very accurate was kept level with the for. It puts an equal force on the density and temperature of the ball shoots up with allow the actual to... Place for at least one to three hours, if possible to manage, and.. Is travelling slower it becomes stationary faster at the top of its arc after bouncing and the time each. Covered with felt `` necessary '' is very well-inflated and hard, clay, carpet, and grass to causes! Drag acting upon the ball starts with more GPE it ends up with into the. Was correct bounce if it is on was higher up in cold weather equal acceleration.
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