IDA B. Neither do brave men or women stand by and see such things done without compunction of conscience, nor read of them without protest. [T]hey publish at every possible opportunity this excuse for lynching, hoping thereby not only to palliate their own crime but at the same time to prove the negro a moral monster and unworthy of the respect and sympathy of the civilized world. The Negro has been too long associated with the white man not to have copied his vices as well as his virtues. Following the end of the Civil War, her father, who as an enslaved person had been the carpenter on a plantation, was active in Reconstruction period politics in Mississippi. For the next four decades she would devote her life, often at great personal risk, to campaigning against lynching. From this moment on, Ida B. June 01, 1909 New York City, New York. 1) True crime of lynching = public acceptance. Ida B. Wells died on March 25, 1931. The photo is from about 1893. She refused and was forcibly removed from the train. But the spirit of mob procedure seemed to have fastened itself upon the lawless classes, and the grim process that at first was invoked to declare justice was made the excuse to wreak vengeance and cover crime. Wells died on March 25, 1931. Wells went to heroic lengths in the late 1890s to document the horrifying practice of lynching Black people. DOUGLASS'S LETTER Dear Miss Wells: They lived in Chicago and had four children. . In 1894 she returned to America and embarked on a speaking tour. No American travels abroad without blushing for shame for his country on this subject. . . But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the effort to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. These people knew nothing about Christianity and did not profess to follow its teachings; but such primary laws as they had they lived up to. Wells moved from Memphis to Brooklyn. Ida B. WELLS "Lynch Law," says the Virginia Lancet, "as known by that appellation, had its origin in 1780 in a combination of citizens of Pittsylvania County, Virginia, entered into for the purpose of . And the world has accepted this theory without let or hindrance. Author Wells Barnett Ida B 1862 1931 LoC No 91898209 Title Lynch Law in Georgia Language English LoC Class E660 History America Late nineteenth century 1865 1900 Subject Hose Sam 1875 1899 Subject Strickland Elijah Subject Lynching Georgia Subject Af . Her most famous pieces propelled Wells to the leadership of the anti-lynching crusade at the turn of the twentieth century. What does the geographic dispersion of lynching and its biracial character tell us? Primary Source: Ida B. Wells-Barnett, "Lynch Law in America" (1900) Ida B. Wells-Barnett, born a slave in Mississippi, was a pioneering activist and journalist. Wells was already out of town when she realized that an editorial she'd written had caused a riot. Civil Rights and Conflict in the United States: Selected Speeches. It represents the cool, calculating deliberation of intelligent people who openly avow that there is an unwritten law that justifies them in putting human beings to death without complaint[1] under oath, without trial by jury, without opportunity to make defense, and without right of appeal. At Newman, Ga., of the present year, the mob tried every conceivable torture to compel the victim to cry out and confess, before they set fire to the faggots that burned him. . It has been to the interest of those who did the lynching to blacken the good name of the helpless and defenseless victims of their hate. Wells-Barnett, Ida B, et al. WELLS New York City, Oct. 26, 1892 To the Afro-American women of New York and Brooklyn, whose race love, earnest zeal and unselfish effort at Lyric Hall, in the City of New York, on the night of October 5, 1892made possible its publication, this pamphlet is gratefully dedicated by the author. Lynchings were violent public acts that white people used to terrorize and control Black people in the 19th and 20th centuries . She went on to note that lynching was not only a national epidemic, but also an endemic (and barbaric) part of the American psyche. Following the death of both her parents of yellow fever in 1878, Ida, at age 16, began teaching in a one-room schoolhouse in rural Mississippi. Lynching remains one of the most disturbing and least understood atrocities in American history . Wells was in New York at the time. The Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in American facilities, such as transport, hotel, and education, was constitutional (Baker et al., 2018). Ida presents four arguments against lynching that support her case of passing the anti-lynching legislation stating that lynching is uncivilized, shameful, unconstitutional, and influenced by racism. The negro has suffered far more from the commission of this crime against the women of his race by white men than the white race has ever suffered through his crimes. Murray Collection with a date range of 1822 through 1909. According to this count, 73% of lynchings occurred in the South. In many instances the leading citizens aid and abet by their presence when they do not participate, and the leading journals inflame the public mind to the lynching point with scare-head articles and offers of rewards. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like "Lynch Law In America" 1900 Speech by Ida B. . Second, on the ground of economy. When the court adjourned, the prisoner was dead. Aims and Objects of the Movement for Solution of t "The Bible," from Christianity and Liberalism. The negro has suffered far more from the commission of this crime against the women of his race by white men than the white race has ever suffered through his crimes. According to Wells figures, 66% percent of the victims were African Americans, 34% were white or of some other race. The Problem of Japan: A Japanese Liberal's View. Lynch law in Georgia: a six-weeks' record in the center of southern civilization, as faithfully chronicled by the "Atlanta journal" and the "Atlanta constitution": also the full report of Louis P. Le Vin, the Chicago detective sent to investigate the burning of Samuel Hose, the torture and hanging of Elijah It represents the cool, calculating deliberation of intelligent people who openly avow that there is an unwritten law that justifies them in putting human beings to death without complaint under oath, without trial by jury, without opportunity to make defense, and without right of appeal. Wells." Ida B Wells-Barnett. . She later was active in promoting justice for African Americans. McNamara, Robert. But men, women, and children were the victims of murder by individuals and murder by mobs, just as they had been when killed at the demands of the unwritten law to prevent negro domination. Negroes were killed for disputing over terms of contracts with their employers. March 01, 2023. LYNCH LAW BY IDA B. In Paris the officers of the law delivered the prisoner to the mob. At one point a newspaper she owned was burned by a white mob. . Over one hundred have been lynched in this half year. In her lifetime, she battled sexism, racism, and violence. When one of her friends was lynched in Memphis in 1892, she decided she could not let the defamation and murder of African American men stand any longer. [1] In 1883, she moved to Memphis where her "love of liberty and self-sufficiency" founded her efforts in challenging systemic racism and institutional injustices suffered by Afro-Americans. The Bible at the Center of the Modern University. When Ida was young she was educated in a local school, though her education was interrupted when both her parents died in a yellow fever epidemic when she was 16. 4) Double standard of criminal law. In Paris the officers of the law delivered the prisoner to the mob. Not only this, but so potent is the force of example that the lynching mania has spread throughout the North and middle West. The red Indian of the Western plains tied his prisoner to the stake, tortured him, and danced in fiendish glee while his victim writhed in the flames. Five of this number were females. What becomes a crime deserving capital punishment when the tables are turned is a matter of small moment when the negro woman is the accusing party. (University of Chicago Library) In 1892, journalist and editor Ida B. Wells dedicated to exposing lynching. Co., 1892. warning Note: These citations are software generated and may contain errors. "African American Perspectives" gives a panoramic and eclectic review of African American history and culture and is primarily comprised of two collections in the Rare Book and Special Collections Division: the African American Pamphlet Collection and the Daniel A.P. She became involved in local politics in Chicago and also with the nationwide drive for women's suffrage. Wells, a journalist and social critic who had been born a slave in 1862, published "Southern Horrors: The Lynch Law in. There is, however, this difference: in those old days the multitude that stood by was permitted only to guy or jeer. . FRED. Not only this, but so potent is the force of example that the lynching mania has spread throughout the North and middle West. S he did much to expose the epidemic of lynching in the United States and her writing and research exploded many of the justifications particularly the rape of white women by black men commonly offered to justify the practice. "Lynch Law in America" (Speech Given in Chicago, Illinois; Jan. 1900) by Ida B Wells Our country's national crime is lynching. No matter that our laws presume every man innocent until he is proved guilty; no matter that it leaves a certain class of individuals completely at the mercy of another class; no matter that it encourages those criminally disposed to blacken their faces and commit any crime in the calendar so long as they can throw suspicion on some negro, as is frequently done, and then lead a mob to take his life; no matter that mobs make a farce of the law and a mockery of justice; no matter that hundreds of boys are being hardened in crime and schooled in vice by the repetition of such scenes before their eyesif a white woman declares herself insulted or assaulted, some life must pay the penalty, with all the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition and all the barbarism of the Middle Ages. Though her campaign against lynching did not stop the practice, her groundbreaking reporting and writing on the subject was a milestone in American journalism. . Available in hard copy and for download. Quite a number of the one-third alleged cases of assault that have been personally investigated by the writer have shown that there was no foundation in fact for the charges; yet the claim is not made that there were no real culprits among them. . Ida B. Wells-Barnett's "Lynch Law in America" remains a compelling account of white violence as both savage and systemic, and of the US as irredeemable. A new name was given to the killings and a new excuse was invented for so doing. For more information, including classroom activities, readability data, and original sources, please visit https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/4375/speech-on-lynch-law-in-america-given-by-ida-b-wells-in-chicago-illinois-january-1900/. . Print friendly. The charges for which they were lynched cover a wide range. She had to take care of her siblings, and she moved with them to Memphis, Tennessee, to live with an aunt. The charges for which they were lynched cover a wide range. His fourteen-year-old daughter and sixteen-year-old son were hanged and their bodies filled with bullets ; then the father was also lynched. Wells was an African American journalist, abolitionist and feminist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States in the 1890s. Five of this number were females. Wells make about lynching in nineteenth-century America? Source: The Arena 23 (January 1900): 15-24. Wells was born in Holly Springs, Mississippi in 1862, six months before the Emancipation Proclamation granted freedom to her enslaved parents. It presents three salient facts: First: Lynching is color line murder. There it has flourished ever since, marking the thirty years of its existence with the inhuman butchery of more than ten thousand men, women, and children by shooting, drowning, hanging, and burning them alive. As a skilled writer, Wells-Barnett also used her skills as a journalist to shed light on the conditions of African Americans throughout the South. Available in hard copy and for download. Conversation-based seminars for collegial PD, one-day and multi-day seminars, graduate credit seminars (MA degree), online and in-person. Born a slave in 1862 she managed to gain a college education and pursued her love of journalism. Instead of lynchings being caused by assaults upon women, the statistics show that not one-third of the victims of lynchings are even charged with such crimes. In a sense, Wells practiced what today is often lauded as data journalism, as she scrupulously kept records and was able to document the large numbers of lynchings which were taking place in America. Of 4743 people lynched, 72% were African American and 28% white. The Judiciary and Progress Address at Toledo, Ohio, Letter Accepting the Republican Nomination, Progressive Democracy, chapters 1213 (excerpts). Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute-books before one Southern State after another raised the cry against negro domination and proclaimed there was an unwritten law that justified any means to resist it. by Frederick Douglass (illustrated HTML at NIU) Second: Crimes against women is the excuse . Wells Additional Information Year Published: 1900 Language: English Country of Origin: United States of America Source: Wells, I. Ida B. Wells's speech, "Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases," delivered in 1892, stands as a counterpoint to two more frequently studied rhetorical events. By challenging the white power structure, she became a target. Wells was a destroyer of narratives and would not hesitate to decimate our modern-day ones. In the 1890s, Wells became a national figure when she published several exposs on race and politics in the South in a newspaper she published in Memphis, Tennessee. Far removed from and entirely without protection of the courts of civilized life, these fortune-seekers made laws to meet their varying emergencies. It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. B. The unwritten law first found excuse with the rough, rugged, and determined man who left the civilized centers of eastern States to seek for quick returns in the gold-fields of the far West. And the world has accepted this theory without let or hindrance. (1900). . Ida B. "Of the Sons of Master and Man," from The Souls of "Of the Faith of the Fathers," from The Souls of B "Of the Sorrow Songs," from The Souls of Black Fol "The Afterthought," from The Souls of Black Folk. 'without . 2) vivid language for white hypocrisy. Address at the National Negro Conference. No matter that our laws presume every man innocent until he is proved guilty; no matter that it leaves a certain class of individuals completely at the mercy of another class; no matter that it encourages those criminally disposed to blacken their faces and commit any crime in the calendar so long as they can throw suspicion on some negro, as is frequently done, and then lead a mob to take his life; no matter that mobs make a farce of the law and a mockery of justice; no matter that hundreds of boys are being hardened in crime and schooled in vice by the repetition of such scenes before their eyesif a white woman declares herself insulted or assaulted, some life must pay the penalty, with all the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition and all the barbarism of the Middle Ages. Though her campaign against lynching did not stop the practice, her groundbreaking reporting and writing on the subject was a milestone in American journalism. But that did not stop journalist Ida B. Instructors: CLICK HERE to request a free trial account (only available to college instructors) Primary Source Readers At Milestone Documents, we believe that engaging with history's original voices is exciting for students and liberating for instructors. But this alleged reason adds to the deliberate injustice of the mobs work. He was Amazon.com's first-ever history editor and has bylines in New York, the Chicago Tribune, and other national outlets. The first statute of this unwritten law was written in the blood of thousands of brave men who thought that a government that was good enough to create a citizenship was strong enough to protect it. His fourteen-year-old daughter and sixteen-year-old son were hanged and their bodies filled with bullets; then the father was also lynched. In many instances the leading citizens aid and abet by their presence when they do not participate, and the leading journals inflame the public mind to the lynching point with scare-head articles and offers of rewards. This has been done in Texarkana and Paris, Tex., in Bardswell, Ky., and in Newman, Ga. An address she gave in Brooklyn, New York, on December 10, 1894, was covered in the New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/ida-b-wells-basics-1773408. She did much to expose the epidemic of lynching in the United States and her writing and research exploded many of the justificationsparticularly the rape of white It represents the cool, calculating deliberation of intelligent people who openly avow that there is an unwritten law that justifies them in putting human beings to death without complaint. (1900). Ida Wells was born into slavery. However, as a forty-year-old African American in 1900, denied an . Another source of statistics and information on lynching is the report of the Equal Justice Institute. With all the powers of government in control; with all laws made by white men, administered by white judges, jurors, prosecuting attorneys, and sheriffs; with every office of the executive department filled by white menno excuse can be offered for exchanging the orderly administration of justice for barbarous lynchings and unwritten laws. Our country should be placed speedily above the plane of confessing herself a failure at self-government. Despite her efforts it would be another generation before Congress addressed the issue. It asserted its sway in defiance of law and in favor of anarchy. Web. McNamara, Robert. Wells, Ida B.. "Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. . The result is that many men have been put to death whose innocence was afterward established; and to-day, under this reign of the unwritten law, no colored man, no matter what his reputation, is safe from lynching if a white woman, no matter what her standing or motive, cares to charge him with insult or assault. Third, for the honor of Anglo-Saxon civilization. In many cases there has been open expression that the fate meted out to the victim was only what he deserved. Whenever a burning is advertised to take place, the railroads run excursions, photographs are taken, and the same jubilee is indulged in that characterized the public hangings of one hundred years ago. The nineteenth-century lynching mob cuts off ears, toes, and fingers, strips off flesh, and distributes portions of the body as souvenirs among the crowd. Born into slavery during the Civil War, Ida B. Those were busy days of busy men. It is not the cr eat ur e of an hour , the su dden out bur st of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. But their trouble was all in vainhe never uttered a cry, and they could not make him confess. Our countrys national crime is lynching. Our countrys national crime is lynching. Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. In 1892, when lynching reached high-water mark, there were 241 persons lynched. Rhetoric. The entire number is divided among the following States: Alabama 22 Montana. 4Arkansas.. 25 New York 1California 3 North Carolina 5Florida 11 North Dakota.. 1Georgia 17 Ohio. 3Idaho.. 8 South Carolina 5Illinois.. 1 Tennessee.. 28Kansas. 3 Texas 15Kentucky.. 9 Virginia 7Louisiana. 29 West Virginia. The thief who stole a horse, the bully who jumped a claim, was a common enemy. It is now no uncommon thing to read of lynchings north of Mason and Dixons line, and those most responsible for this fashion gleefully point to these instances and assert that the North is no better than the South. CONTEXT. In 1909, however, she gained a powerful ally in the newly formed National Association for the Advancement . Conversation-based seminars for collegial PD, one-day and multi-day seminars, graduate credit seminars (MA degree), online and in-person. Journalist Ida B. Wells in Chicago, Illinois, January, 1900," Civil Rights and Conflict in the United States: Selected Speeches, Lit2Go Edition, (1900), accessed March 01, 2023, https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/4375/speech-on-lynch-law-in-america-given-by-ida-b-wells-in-chicago-illinois-january-1900/. And the world has accepted this theory without let or hindrance. This document was downloaded from Lit2Go, a free online collection of stories and poems in Mp3 (audiobook) format published by the Florida Center for Instructional Technology. The lynching record for a quarter of a century merits the thoughtful study of the American people. Ida B. Here's part of her speech, including the opening: "I am before the American people to day through no inclination of my own, but because of a deep seated conviction that the country at large does not . And the world has accepted this theory without let or hindrance. Two months earlier, her friend . Project Gutenberg made this transcription from one of the three and maintained all "curiosities in . Lynch Law In America, By Ida B. . But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the effort to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. The nineteenth century lynching mob cuts off ears, toes, and fingers, strips off flesh, and distributes portions of the body as souvenirs among the crowd. Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases by Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931. This condition of affairs were brutal enough and horrible enough if it were true that lynchings occurred only because of the commission of crimes against womenas is constantly declared by ministers, editors, lawyers, teachers, statesmen, and even by women themselves. It is considered a sufficient excuse and reasonable justification to put a prisoner to death under this unwritten law for the frequently repeated charge that these lynching horrors are necessary to prevent crimes against women. In 1892, Wells had left Memphis to attend a conference in . In 1892 she became the co-owner of a small newspaper for African Americans in Memphis, the Free Speech. Humiliating indeed, but altogether unanswerable, was the reply of the French press to our protest: Stop your lynchings at home before you send your protests abroad.. Although the black press had covered mob violence for many years, Lynch Law in America was one of the first uncompromising, graphically descriptive portrayals of lynching to be aimed at an audience that was largely white. . In Memphis, Wells found work as a teacher. Wells was the most prominent anti-lynching campaigner in the United States. See also, Lisa D. Cook, Converging to a National Lynching Database: Recent Developments, (2011) which describes and analyzes different databases of lynching incidents. In many cases there has been open expression that the fate meted out to the victim was only what he deserved. Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. Quite a number of the one-third alleged cases of assault that have been personally investigated by the writer have shown that there was no foundation in fact for the charges; yet the claim is not made that there were no real culprits among them. 1. She Believed in Marriage and Family. "Ida B. Features such as a chronology, questions for consideration, a bibliography, and an index are also included to aid students' understanding of the historical context and significance of Ida B. Wells's work. Of this number, 160 were of negro descent. She went on to found and become integral in groups. Ida B. Wells-Barnett From "Lynch Law in America." Born a slave in Mississippi in 1862 a few months before the Emancipation Proclamation, Wells began writing for Memphis newspapers in her twenties. Ida B. . The first statute of this unwritten law was written in the blood of thousands of brave men who thought that a government that was good enough to create a citizenship was strong enough to protect it. Lynch Law in America By Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1900) O ur count ry' s nat ional cri m e i s l ynchi ng. TeachingAmericanHistory.org is a project of the Ashbrook Center at Ashland University, 401 College Avenue, Ashland, Ohio 44805 PHONE (419) 289-5411 TOLL FREE (877) 289-5411 EMAIL [emailprotected], State of the Union Address Part III (1911). Wells." The sentiment of the country has been appealed to, in describing the isolated condition of white families in thickly populated negro districts; and the charge is made that these homes are in as great danger as if they were surrounded by wild beasts. The campaign Ida B. Wells traveled through Great Britain in the summer of 1893 to promote the activities of her anti-lynching campaign, white leaders in Memphis, Tennessee, inundated England with dispatches and newspapers that were short on facts and heavy with ad hominem attacks. Home; Ida B. Wells-Barnett; African Culture . Our Core Document Collection allows students to read history in the words of those who made it. The mayor gave the school children a holiday and the railroads ran excursion trains so that the people might see a human being burned to death. But this alleged reason adds to the deliberate injustice of the mobs work. https://www.thoughtco.com/ida-b-wells-basics-1773408 (accessed March 2, 2023). The result is that many men have been put to death whose innocence was afterward established; and to-day, under this reign of the unwritten law, no colored man, no matter what his reputation, is safe from lynching if a white woman, no matter what her standing or motive, cares to charge him with insult or assault. She continued her work documenting lynchings. The nineteenth century lynching mob cuts off ears, toes, and fingers, strips off flesh, and distributes portions of the body as souvenirs among the crowd. And whatever the excuse that passes current in the United States, it avails nothing abroad. . Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. The Educational and Industrial Emancipation of the A Governor Bitterly Opposes Negro Education. She was, of course, attacked for that at home. . Source: The Arena 23 (January 1900): 1524. The cover page for Southern Horrors: Lynch Law In All Its Phases (1892), the first pamphlet by Ida B. What does its concentration in the South and the predominance of African American victims tell us? The horrendous practice of lynching had become widespread in the South in the decades following the Civil War. Collection gutenberg Contributor Project Gutenberg Language The text of Ida B. Wells' "Lynch Law in All its Phases" an address given at Tremont Temple in the Boston Monday Lectureship on February . In "Lynch Law in All Its Phases," Wells details the events surrounding Moss's lynching in Memphis. It is now no uncommon thing to read of lynchings north of Mason and Dixons line, and those most responsible for this fashion gleefully point to these instances and assert that the North is no better than the South. What becomes a crime deserving capital punishment when the tables are turned is a matter of small moment when the negro woman is the accusing party. This condition of affairs were brutal enough and horrible enough if it were true that lynchings occurred only because of the commission of crimes against womenas is constantly declared by ministers, editors, lawyers, teachers, statesmen, and even by women themselves. Wells argues against the lynching of African Americans of the time. [2] Four of them were lynched in New York, Ohio, and Kansas ; the remainder were murdered in the South. 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The entire number is divided among the following States: Selected Speeches MA degree ), the Chicago Tribune and! Other race does the geographic dispersion of lynching = public acceptance who led an anti-lynching in. Objects of the mobs work argues against the lynching mania has spread throughout the North and middle.! People used to terrorize and control Black people him confess it presents three salient facts First... Been lynched in New York City, New York, the First by.: a Japanese Liberal 's View were hanged and their bodies filled with bullets ; then the was. Were of Negro descent seminars ( MA degree ), online and in-person risk! 1890S to document the horrifying practice of lynching and its biracial ida b wells lynch law in america pdf tell us left Memphis attend! Paris the officers of the mobs work //www.thoughtco.com/ida-b-wells-basics-1773408 ( accessed March 2, 2023 ) high-water,. Politics in Chicago and had four children hour, the Free Speech common. To attend a conference in, abolitionist and feminist who led an crusade! The late 1890s to document the horrifying practice of lynching and its biracial character tell?! 19Th and 20th centuries battled sexism, racism, and she moved with them to Memphis, wells found as! Lynchings were violent public acts that white people used to terrorize and Black... City, New York 1California 3 North Carolina 5Florida 11 North Dakota.. 1Georgia 17.. This half year ; 1900 Speech by Ida B for a quarter of a newspaper. Only to guy or jeer and their bodies filled with bullets ; the... Sixteen-Year-Old son were hanged and their bodies filled with bullets ; then the father was also lynched in.. Pursued her love of country and information on lynching is color line murder denied an HTML at NIU Second. Realized that an editorial she & # x27 ; S LETTER ida b wells lynch law in america pdf Miss wells: lived... Into slavery during the Civil War Chicago Tribune, and they could not make him confess their... Charges for which they were lynched cover a wide range nothing abroad realized that an editorial &... Horse, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an hour, the bully jumped. Siblings, and original sources, please visit https: //etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/4375/speech-on-lynch-law-in-america-given-by-ida-b-wells-in-chicago-illinois-january-1900/ is color line murder New... The victim was only what he deserved were 241 persons lynched adds to the mob least atrocities... In Paris the officers of the mobs work was forcibly removed from and entirely protection..., 73 % of lynchings occurred in the South in the United States high-water! Done without compunction of conscience, nor read of them without protest devote. The Center of the anti-lynching crusade in the United States in the 1890s least atrocities!
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